1. Chapter 7: Non-communicable Diseases
Personal Health: Perspectives and Lifestyles (4th Edition)
Floyd, Mimms, & Yelding
Prepared by: Amy Rowland, Ph.D.

2. Chapter Objectives Explain the mechanism by which cancers develop
List the personal health choices that reduce and individual’s risk of developing cancer
Define chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD) and describe its manifestations
Identify and differentiate the types of anemia

3. Chapter Objectives Differentiate type 1 and type 2 diabetes
Define rheumatic diseases and give examples
Identify three skin conditions related to ethnicity
Give examples of diseases of the digestive tract

4. Cancer
Refers to a group of diseases which result in the spread of abnormal cells

5. Mechanism of Cancer Gene p53 normally acts as a tumor suppressor
Sometimes a mutation occurs and p53 no longer acts as a tumor killer
Telomerase (an enzyme) allows the cells to reproduce to form a tumor

6. Cancer Carcinogens (aka cancer causing agents)
Occupational hazards and pollutants
Chemicals in food and water
Certain viruses
Radiation

7. Cancer Diagnosis Biopsy Magnetic resonance imagery (MRI)
Computerized axial tomography (CAT)

8. Cancer
Treatment
Surgery
Radiation
Chemotherapy
Hormone therapy

9. Cancer Prevention Smoking Nutrition and diet Exposure to sunlight
Physical activity

10. Cancer Prevention Alcohol Smokeless tobacco Estrogen
Occupational hazards
Ionizing radiation

11. Cancer Prevention
Insert Figure 7.1 here

12. Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (COLD)
Also called COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), this disease is the third leading cause of death in U.S.

13. Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (COLD)
Bronchitis
Inflammation and swelling of the bronchi
Symptoms: cough, wheezing, shortness of breath
Emphysema
Alveoli are destroyed and non-functional
Symptoms: cough, difficulty breathing
Common causes: Tobacco smoke and air pollutants

14. Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (COLD)
Hay fever
Allergic reaction in mucous membranes of nose and upper respiratory tract
Symptoms: sneezing, itchy/watery eyes and nose
Asthma
Wheezing and difficulty breathing caused by narrowing and obstruction of the bronchioles
Common causes: allergens, non-allergens, and stress-related causes

15. Anemia
Blood disorder characterized by insufficient quantity or quality of red blood cells

16. Types of Anemia
Iron-deficiency anemia-often results from inadequate amounts of iron in the diet
Pernicious anemia (also called B12 deficiency)-the body is unable to absorb B12 which causes a deficiency

17. Sickle Cell Disease
Sickle-cell disease-inherited disease which results in red blood cells which have a sickle shape
Insert figure 7.6 here

18. Types of Diabetes
Type I (insulin dependent)-the pancreas doesn’t produce insulin
Type II (non-insulin dependent)-the pancreas produces some insulin but the body cannot use it effectively

19. Prevalence of Type II Diabetes
Insert Figure 7.8

20. Complications of Diabetes
Diabetic retinopathy
Cardiovascular complications
Kidney diseases
Diabetic neuropathy

21. Signs and Symptoms of Diabetes
Type I – symptoms appear suddenly and dramatically
Fatigue, irritability, abnormal hunger and thirst, frequent urination, weight loss
Type II – symptoms are more subtle
Drowsiness, blurred vision, itching, slow-healing cuts, skin infections, numbness of fingers/toes

22. Rheumatic Diseases
Refers to over 100 diseases characterized by inflammation and pain in tissues or joints

23. Rheumatic Diseases Lupus Osteoarthritis Rheumatoid arthritis
Fibromyalgia

24. Skin Disorders
Pseudofolliculitis
Vitiligo
Keloid

25. Diseases of the Digestive Tract
Peptic ulcers
Colitis
Diverticulitis
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Gallstones

26. Neurological Disorders
Headaches
Tension
Vascular
Migraines
Cluster
Toxic
Organic
Rebound

27. Neurological Disorders
Seizure Disorders (epilepsy)
Four forms of seizure
Grand mal
Petit mal
Psychomotor
Jacksonian