2. Chapter Menu Lesson 1: Reading Maps
Lesson 2: Topographic and Geologic Maps
Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding lesson.

3. 1.1 Reading Maps
longitude
latitude
map view
profile view
map legend

4. The Grid Systems of Maps
1.1 Reading Maps
The Grid Systems of Maps
An imaginary grid of lines encircle the globe
Longitude: distance (in degrees) from prime meridian
Latitude: distance (in degrees) north or south of equator

5. Longitude Prime meridian (0º longitude): line from north to south pole
1.1 Reading Maps
Longitude
Prime meridian (0º longitude): line from north to south pole
It divides Earth in western and eastern hemispheres.

6. 1.1 Reading Maps
Latitude
Equator (0º latitude): latitude line that divides Earth in half
It divides Earth in northern and southern hemispheres.

7. Degrees, Minutes, Seconds
1.1 Reading Maps
Degrees, Minutes, Seconds
Degrees
Because Earth is spherical, degrees (º) are used to measure longitude and latitude
Minutes
Each degree is divided into 60 minutes (′)

8. Degrees, Minutes, Seconds (cont.)
1.1 Reading Maps
Degrees, Minutes, Seconds (cont.)
Seconds
Each minute is divided into 60 seconds (″)
Used to pinpoint specific locations

9. Degrees, Minutes, Seconds (cont.)

10. 1.1 Reading Maps
Plotting
A coordinate is a combination of the latitude number and longitude number
Example: Sacramento, CA is approximately 38º N by 121º W

11. 1.1 Reading Maps
Different Views
Map view: map drawn as if looking down on an area from above Earth’s surface
Also referred to as plan view
Lines of latitude and longitude usually drawn on a map-view map

12. Different Views (cont.)
1.1 Reading Maps
Different Views (cont.)
Profile view: drawing showing a vertical section of the ground
Cross sections are drawn in profile view

13. 1.1 Reading Maps
Map Scales and Legends
Map legend: lists symbols used on map with an explanation of each symbol
Map scale: tells relationship between a distance on a map and actual distance
Example: 1 cm = 1 km or 1:100

14. A B C D What does a map scale of 1:25 mean?
1.1 Reading Maps
What does a map scale of 1:25 mean?
A Every 25 units on the map equals one unit of the ground.
B 1 cm on the map equals 25 km on the ground.
C Every unit on the map equals 25 units on the ground.
D Every 2 units on the map equals 75 units on the ground. A B C D
Lesson 1 Review

15. Which describes cross sections drawn in profile view?
1.1 Reading Maps A B C D
Which describes cross sections drawn in profile view?
A drawn as if looking down on Earth’s surface
B parallel to Earth’s surface
C perpendicular to Earth’s surface
D both c and a
Lesson 1 Review

16. Which describes the prime meridian?
1.1 Reading Maps A B C D
Which describes the prime meridian?
A It cuts Earth into the Western and Eastern hemispheres.
B It cuts the Earth into the Northern and Southern hemispheres.
C It is used as a reference point for longitude coordinates.
D both a and c
Lesson 1 Review

17. End of Lesson 1

18. 1.2 Topographic and Geologic Maps
topographic map
contour line
geologic map
geologic formation
contact

19. Topographic Maps Refer to shape of surface
1.2 Topographic and Geologic Maps
Topographic Maps
Refer to shape of surface
Use lines of equal elevation
Identify natural features: mountains, valleys, rivers, lakes, coastlines
Identify man-made features: buildings, roads, towns
How can locations be identified by their climate and topography?

20. Contour Lines Join points of equal elevation
1.2 Topographic and Geologic Maps
Contour Lines
Join points of equal elevation
Indicate elevation as the distance above sea level
Contour interval is difference in elevation between contour lines that are next to each other
Example: if interval = 20 m, change in elevation after 5 contour lines = 100 m

21. 1.2 Topographic and Geologic Maps
Contour Lines (cont.)

22. 1.2 Topographic and Geologic Maps
Topographic Profiles
Perspective is like standing on Earth and looking toward horizon
Symbols: the USGS uses a wide variety of symbols to communicate information

23. Topographic Profiles (cont.)
Interactive Table A

24. Topographic Profiles (cont.)
Interactive Table B

25. Topographic Profiles (cont.)
Interactive Table C

26. Geologic Maps Represent geology of an area
1.2 Topographic and Geologic Maps
Geologic Maps
Represent geology of an area
Geologic formation is a 3-D body of a certain kind of rock of a given age range
Different geological formations are shown by different colors

27. 1.2 Topographic and Geologic Maps
Geologic Maps (cont.)

28. Contacts Place where two rock formations are next to each other
1.2 Topographic and Geologic Maps
Contacts
Place where two rock formations are next to each other
Depositional: sediments deposited on other sediments
Fault: rock formations that are next to one another and have been moved

29. 1.2 Topographic and Geologic Maps
Contacts (cont.)

30. Making Geologic Maps Geologist collect and study rock samples
1.2 Topographic and Geologic Maps
Making Geologic Maps
Geologist collect and study rock samples
Use data to create geographic maps
Study geological cross sections
Core samples show layer of rock
Beds: broad, flat layers of rocks

31. 1.2 Topographic and Geologic MapsB C D
If a contour interval equals 50 m, what is the change in elevation represented by 10 lines?
A 5 m
B 50 m
C 500 m
D 5,000 m
Lesson 2 Review

32. B study cliffs where rock is exposed C take core samples
1.2 Topographic and Geologic Maps A B C D
In order to investigate rocks below the surface of Earth, geologists _____.
A study outcrops
B study cliffs where rock is exposed
C take core samples
D all of the above
Lesson 2 Review

33. The rock layers of the Grand Canyon are an example of _______.
1.2 Topographic and Geologic Maps A B C D
The rock layers of the Grand Canyon are an example of _______.
A a contour interval
B a depositional contact
C a fault contact
D a contour line
Lesson 2 Review

34. End of Lesson 2

35. Chapter Resources Menu
Chapter Assessment
California Standards Practice
Concepts in Motion
Image Bank
Science Online
Interactive Table
Virtual Lab
Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding feature.

36. A minutes, seconds, and degrees B seconds, minutes, and degrees
To pinpoint a building in a certain city you would give the specific location using _____ (in order).
A minutes, seconds, and degrees
B seconds, minutes, and degrees
C minutes and seconds
D degrees, minutes, and seconds
Chapter Assessment 1

37. Which describes California’s location?
A It is in the eastern and southern hemispheres.
B It is in the eastern and northern hemispheres.
C It is in the western and southern hemispheres.
D It is in the western and northern hemispheres.
Chapter Assessment 2

38. What do topographic maps refer to? B C D
What do topographic maps refer to?
A the shape of a surface (elevation and position of features)
B geological formations of a certain type of rock of a given age range
C depositional contacts
D fault contacts
Chapter Assessment 3

39. How are geological maps useful? A they use lines of equal elevation B C D
How are geological maps useful?
A they use lines of equal elevation
B they help predict the weather
C they help in locating valuable minerals or understanding earthquakes
D none of the above
Chapter Assessment 4

40. A B C D
If a map scale is 1 cm = 100 km, how far apart would two places be if they are 7 cm apart on the map?
A 7 km
B 70 km
C 700 km
D 7,000 km
Chapter Assessment 5

41. What type of map uses colors to indicate geologic features?
SCI 7.f A B C D
What type of map uses colors to indicate geologic features?
A profile map
B topographic map
C geologic map
D road
CA Standards Practice 1

42. B a single unit of rock has been cut by a fault C a river is present
SCI 7.h A B C D
Which is most likely if a geologic map shows the same color rocks on both sides of a fault?
A a volcano is present
B a single unit of rock has been cut by a fault
C a river is present
D the map maker made an error
CA Standards Practice 2

43. What is a contour interval?
SCI 7.f A B C D
What is a contour interval?
A the difference in elevation between contour lines
B the position of each contour line
C a line that shows where faults are located
D a feature that explains symbols and colors on a map
CA Standards Practice 3

44. SCI 7.f A B C D
If you were a hiker and you wanted to avoid most of the uphill climbs, which map would be best to use?
A geologic map
B topographic map
C road map
D political map
CA Standards Practice 4

45. SCI 7.f A B C D
If a contour interval equals 30 m, what would the change in elevation be after 6 contour line?
A 180 m
B 6 m
C 30 m
D 60 m
CA Standards Practice 5

46. Concepts in Motion 1

47. Image Bank

48. Interactive Table
Interactive Table A

49. Interactive Table (cont.)
Interactive Table B

50. Interactive Table (cont.)

51. End of Resources