1. RECP Clubs: resource materials
July 2015
Better Business – Cleaner Environment – Green Economy Resource Efficient and Cleaner Production (RECP) for Small and Medium Businesses
Developed by the United Nations Industrial Development Organization under the Regional RECP Demonstration Programme for Eastern Partnership Countries, with funding support from European Union under EaP GREEN Initiative
EaP GREEN RECP Demonstration Component

2. RECP Clubs: resource materials
July 2015
Today’s Workshop
Assess progress on Energy Efficiency
Why? - Global concerns on climate change, rising energy costs to business
What? - Document use of energy and generation of CO2 emissions
Next – Priority issues to manage
Proceed to Water & Waste Water
Overview
What ? – Global, national and business concerns
Why ? – Business benefits of water efficiency
How ? – To build the water profile and identify water efficiency options
Discussion and self assessment
EaP GREEN RECP Demonstration Component

3. Energy Efficiency Report back from self assessment Baseline situation
Understanding energy use and major consumers
Direct in process, other direct and indirect utilities
Energy diagnosis
What are the main causes for high energy consumption?
Where is energy lost?
What is the cost of energy loss?
RECP Options to increase energy efficiency
Immediate and other options
Data gaps and support needs?

4. Module 4 Water and Waste Water
RECP Training National Experts
October 2014
Module 4 Water and Waste Water
What?
Why?
How?
EaP GREEN RECP Demonstration Component

5. Water: a global concern
RECP Clubs: resource materials
July 2015
What ?
Water: a global concern
Worldwide, agriculture accounts for 70% of all water consumption, compared to 20% for industry and 10% for domestic use
Freshwater withdrawals have tripled over the last 50 years
Demand for freshwater is increasing by 64 billion cubic meters a year
Water for Sustainable World, World Water Development Report, 2015
EaP GREEN RECP Demonstration Component

6. Water: national challenges
What ?
Water: national challenges
Sum up national challenges in regard to water

7. What ?
Industry and Water
Water use is projected to increase fastest for manufacturing
Quadruple by 2050 relative to 2010
Industry a major source of waste water
Organic load (COD/BOD) and nutrients
Specific toxics (metals, halogenated substances, etc.)
Water for Sustainable World, World Water Development Report, 2015

8. Examples of industrial water use
Water intensive industries
Eg: water utilization in food industry
Agriculture and food
1 ton of sugar requires 3,000 – 420,000 litters of water
Pulp and paper
1 ton of paper requires 79,490– 1,998,697 litters of water
Beverage
1 ton of beer requires 7,987 –24,963 litters of water
Other
Process
Washing and
sanitation
One pass cooling
Cooling
and heating
UN World Water Program, 2009

9. What are business concerns?
Cost to business
Cost of water (includes energy, chemicals, equipment use)
Cost of waste water (includes energy, equipment and chemicals for treatment and discharge fees)
Risk to business
Lost production due to interrupted supply of critical water or lacking access to waste water treatment
Water scarcity and poor water quality influence product quality and productivity
Uncertainty on legal requirements for water use and waste water discharge
Impact on environment
Drought/water stress, land use, and energy requirements from water extraction
Specific contaminants of concern in waste water

10. Water saving benefits Why ? Direct and indirect savings
Reduce direct water and effluent cost
Reduce indirect cost:
Chemical use and energy
Equipment utilisation
Business security
Compliance with regulation
Reduce dependence on scarce water resources
Secure long term access to water
Social responsibility
Positive impact on environment and health
Water Reduce & Reuse and Recycle Culture
Improved relations with comunity

11. Why ?
Business Examples
National examples

12. Challenges to Water Efficiency & Waste Water Minimization
RECP Clubs: resource materials
July 2015
Why ?
Challenges to Water Efficiency & Waste Water Minimization
Limited awareness
Actual water use and waste water generation and their associated costs
Impacts of behaviour and process conditions on water use and effluent generation
Lack of knowledge
Specific knowledge on water and waste water
Sources for benchmarking data
Water saving and waste water reduction techniques and practices
Lack of infrastructure /cost of infrastructure
Local effluent water treatment
High costs of water efficient technology
High cost of water treatment technology
EaP GREEN RECP Demonstration Component

13. Changing the Mindset From prejudice To understanding
Why ?
Changing the Mindset
From prejudice
Water is too cheap to worry about
It is too expensive to treat effluents
To understanding
Businesses can’t function without water, hence water is extremely valuable
The wasted products and materials we flush away represent a larger economic loss

14. RECP for Water Efficiency& Waste water minimization
How?
RECP for Water Efficiency& Waste water minimization
Source:
Where is water used for what purpose?
Where is waste water generated?
Cause:
What factors influence water uses, water losses and pollution?
Option:
How to minimize water use, losses and pollution?
Action
Implementing water efficiency options

15. Water use in an industrial facility
How?
Water use in an industrial facility
Step 1: Understand water use and cost
Source
Additional treatment
Source: Lean Water Toolkit , EPA

16. Understanding water use and waste water generation
RECP Training National Experts
How?
October 2014
Understanding water use and waste water generation
Source
Main questions
Where is water used for what purpose?
Production processes
Heating and cooling
Washing and cleaning
Sanitary and domestic
What are the main water consumers?
Where is water lost?
What are the sources of water pollution?
Largest volumes of effluent
Highest contributors to pollution load
EaP GREEN RECP Demonstration Component

17. Data collection Overview of water input 0verview of water output
How?
Data collection
Source
Overview of water input
Incoming water (source type: municipal, groundwater, surface)
Water flows (water consuming processes)
Monthly and annual consumption
0verview of water output
Waste water streams
Water losses
Monthly and annual waste water volumes
Water cost
Incoming water cost
Energy carrier cost
Cost of waste water treatment (sewage service or: chemicals, energy, equipment, pollution control, labor, sludge elimination)
Taxes, penalties and other charges

18. Sources of water related data
How?
Sources of water related data
Source
Input data
Water Meters
Data from suppliers
Accounting documents
Internal records
Calculations
Water measurements
Output data
Used water meters
Monthly and annual production data
Point of use
Variable that affects water consumption (production, temperatures, pressures, etc.)
List of water consuming equipment/ installation

19. Root causes How? Cause LOW water efficiency & HIGH water pollution
PLANT
PEOPLE
PROCESS INPUTS
Process Control
Equipment Design
Technology Choice
LOW water efficiency & HIGH
water pollution
Internal Value
External Value
WASTE
PRODUCT

20. Root Causes How? Source Root Cause Category Some examples
(bottle washing operation)
Process Inputs
Choice of cleaning agents/sanitizers
People
Operating practices of workers
Prevailing attitudes that spills and leaks are normal
Plant
Process Control
Operating ranges for temperature and pressure
Equipment
Flow rates of washing nozzles
Technology
Wet cleaning process
Product
Returnable bottle
Waste
Internal Value
Used wash water as substitute water for non critical applications in company
External Value
Used wash water as substitute water for non-critical external applications

21. Better Process Control
Option generation
How?
PLANT MODIFICATION
Option
HOUSEKEEPING
INPUT CHANGE
Better Process Control
Equipment Modification
Technology Change
HIGH water efficiency & LOW
water pollution
On Site Reuse
Useful Byproduct
UTILIZATION
PRODUCT MODIFICATION

22. Options Generation How? Option RECP Practices Some examples
(bottle washing operation)
Input Change
More efficient cleaning agents/sanitizer
Low BOD/COD cleaning agents
Good Housekeeping
Standard operating procedure
Improved operator awareness
Plant Modifi-cation
Process Control
Improved control of water pressure, flow and temperature
Equipment Modification
Use low flow high pressure wash nozzles
Technology Change
Dry – air cleaning of bottles
Product Modification
Change to single use packaging system
Reuse
On Site Reuse
Reuse bottle wash water for facility wash down
Useful By Product
Reuse of bottle wash water by third parties

23. Key questions to identify water efficiency measures
How ?
Key questions to identify water efficiency measures
Option
Can we stop or prevent water losses?
Can we avoid intensive water consumption processes?
Do we need water in the first place?
Can we recycle or reuse water for another purpose?
Can we reduce
water use?

24. Strategies for water efficiency
RECP Training National Experts
October 2014
How ?
Strategies for water efficiency
Option
Input change
Use water quality that matches needs
High quality in critical applications, lower quality in non critical applications
Good housekeeping
Fix leaks and avoid spills
Dry clean up before hosing down
Water-less and water efficient practices
Water metering and monitoring
Adjust water flow according to the needs
Preventive maintenance
Technology /equipment change & process control
Modify existing equipment or install water saving devices
Change to more water-efficient equipment
Shift to a low-water or waterless process
Internal water reuse or recycle (treat if needed)
Product design
Shift to low water consumption products
Difficulty and impact
EaP GREEN RECP Demonstration Component

25. Good practices Domestic Cleaning Establish clear procedures
How ?
Good practices
Domestic
Cleaning
Low flush toilets/waterless urinals
Low flow valves or restrictors on taps
Aerators on taps, showers, etc.
Self closing taps
Operate laundry, dishwashers and other equipment at full load
Establish clear procedures
Prioritize dry clean up first
Replace leaking hoses and worn out nozzles
Use efficient spray nozzles with automatic shut off
Clean up with recovered (process) water
August 2015
Module 10: Water & Waste Water

26. Good practices Cooling Systems Boiler & Steam System
How ?
Good practices
Cooling Systems
Boiler & Steam System
Replace water cooling with air cooling (small capacity) or chillers (large capacity)
Reuse one through cooling water
Cooling towers
Improve water/air mixing
Regulate fan speed on dew point temperature
Improve baffles to reduce water loss
Optimize blow down regime
Optimize water treatment
Monitor and manage blow down rates and feed water quality, possibly automate
Implement or improve condensate return
Improve external and internal feed water treatment
Maintain and repair steam lines, condensate traps, etc.
Rationalize steam system over time
August 2015
Module 10: Water & Waste Water

27. Taking our pulse..

28. Water use 2. Direct Water Users 2 A: Water used in production
2 A: Water used in production
Please list major water consuming processes/equipments ID
Water source (city water, surface water, ground water)
Water User /Equipment
Rated water consumption (m3)
Annual Operating Hours (hrs/yr)
Estimated Annual Water Consumption (m3/yr)
Purpose of Use
What factors influence total water consumed by this water user? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Total accounted water use in production
% of total water consumption
#DIV/0!

29. Next step Introduction of self assessment on water and waste water
Identification of possible bottlenecks

30. Wrap Up – Take Aways
Demand for freshwater is increasing by 64 billion cubic meters a year while quality fresh water resources are limited
Businesses can not function without water, hence water is a valuable resource.
Water is taken for granted – in reality water efficiency and waste water minimization contributes to cost reduction, business security and reduction of environmental pollution
What ?
Why ?

31. Wrap-up – Take aways
How ?
Improving water efficiency and minimizing waste water requires:
To understand:
Water use, consumption and cost
Waste water generation and sources for water pollution
To identify:
Factors influencing water use, inefficiency and losses,
Factors influencing the amount of pollutants discharged
Causes for inefficiency, water loss, waste water and pollutants generation
To generate and implement RECP options to increase water efficiency and minimize waste water and pollutants
Source
Cause
Option