1. Geospatial Tools for Improved Water Management in Jordan
Prof. Jawad Al-Bakri, UOJ
Geospatial Tools for Improved Water Management in Jordan
Jawad Al-Bakri,
Sari Shawash, Eman Qaryouti, Areej Al-Khreisat
Department of Land, Water and Environment
Faculty of Agriculture
The University of Jordan

2. Contents Background and use of RS-GIS at MWI
Recent applications at MWI
Case study in year 2016
Main findings
Conclusions

3. Why Geospatial? The technology is improved with time.
Real-time data is available at low or no cost.
Integration of Geospatial data (remote sensing and GIS).
Attractive technology (automation and digital analysis) that is used at laptops and mobiles.

4. Use of Geospatial techniques at MWI
The use of RS-GIS at MWI started with mapping water resources (ground and surface).
Each firm of MWI has its own GIS application.
For RS, the concrete steps started in 2012 through a WB project.

5. Recent applications of Geospatial techniques at MWI
Years : Crop mapping for two pilots (Azarq and Mafraq).
Developing the work to assess GW abstraction records.
Mapping irrigation in highlands.
Estimation of crop water consumption.

6. Crop mapping and estimation of CWR
Mapping of irrigation to uncover violations
Detailed mapping of irrigated crops

7. 3.4.5 Crop mapping: outputs and analysis

8. Crop ETc from FAO-56 (Mafraq)
Crop (s)
Net Water Consumption (MCM/year)
Olives
31.9
Fruit trees
24.1
Grapes
0.8
Vegetables
40.3
Mixed crops
15.4
Total (Net CWR)
113
Gross CWR
161
Recorded by MWI 49

9. Case study Work in 2016. Support by GIZ
5 study areas in 5 basins in the highlands
Data used: Landsat ETM+ and OLI, Rapid Eye, Met. Records, ground data.
Crop mapping with time series of Landsat data, verified and refined with RapidEye.
SEBAL Model for ETa, calibrated with credible data (Ramtha WWTP, soil moisture at Samar, Irrigated farms)
Comparison with GW abstraction records at MWI.

10. Case study
Azraq
Mafraq
Ramtha
South Amman
Jafir

11. RS data and models Landsat 8 (30m), RapidEye (5m). Climatic records.
SEBAL model for actual ET mapping

12. 2- G is obtained from surface cover type and thermal bands
1- Rn = RS ↓ − α RS ↓ + RL ↓ − RL ↑ − (1 − εo) RL ↓
RS and RL are calculated from remote sensing data and atmospheric models.
Albedo is obtained from spectral reflectance and surface cover type
2- G is obtained from surface cover type and thermal bands
Part of SEBAL model to calculate surface temperature and G from RS data

13. 3- H is calculated from an iterative process that uses data related to stability conditions of the atmosphere data on
The model calculates the instantaneous ET which is transferred into daily, weekly and monthly ET.
ETrF or Kc = instantaneous ETa/ETr

14. Examples on outputs: crop mapping

15. Examples : ETa mapping and groundwater abstraction

18. Outputs: Water Accounting and auditing
Study Area
Irrigated area (dunum)
Crops (%)
No. of wells
Recorded abstraction (MCM)
SEBAL-ETa (MCM)
Difference between ETa - GW
Ramtha
11,496
-Vegetables (73)
-Trees (17)
- Forage (10) 26
3.75
5.92
2.17
Mafraq
89,037
Vegetables (46)
-Trees (56)
170
28.70
34.22
5.52
Azraq
50,701
-Vegetables (17)
-Trees (70)
- Forage (13)
404
21.70
30.3
8.6
South Amman
44,548
-Vegetables (72)
-Trees (28) 68
7.28
13.77*
6.49
Jafer
23,819
-Trees (7)
- Forage (21) 57
6.62
10.72*
4.10
Total
219,601
-Vegetables (49)
-Trees (46)
- Forage (5)
725
68.05
94.93
26.88
* Including evaporation from irrigation ponds.

19. Mapped CWR > records of GW (30-50% excluding irrigation losses).
Main findings
Mapped CWR > records of GW (30-50% excluding irrigation losses).
Over-abstraction of groundwater in all basins.
Evidence of violations and illegal access to water sources.
SEBAL estimates < actual (due to irrigation losses)

20. Recommendations for future work
Adoption of SEBAL and other calibrated models.
Use of different techniques and remote sensing sources (EarthExplorer: Sentinel-2, Landsat 8,..).
Working with farmers to assess irrigation practices and find solutions (Full irrigation, deficit irrigation and water stress).
Merge remote sensing with socioeconomic data to provide solutions.

21. شكرا لاستماعكم Citation:
Al-Bakri, J. T Auditing and assessment of groundwater abstraction in irrigated highlands of Jordan during year A report for Management of Water Resources Program - Water Governance Component, GIZ, Amman, Jordan.