2. Watercolor – pigment suspended in a solution of water and gum arabic
Rag paper is the preferred support
A staining technique (thin washes)
Gouache – opaque watercolor (includes chalk)

3. Watercolor

4. Tempera Egg Tempera – egg yolk or white is the binder
Gesso – chalk and glue; applied to a support as a ground (tempera and oil)
Luminous, matte surface when dry
Blending and reworking are difficult because of rapid drying

5. Tempera

6. Oil – Pigments mixed with various vegetable oils, such as linseed, walnut, and poppyseed
Support can be wood, canvas..
Can provide increased opacity and greater transparency when thinned
Slow drying allows blending and change
Pigments do not change much when drying
Impasto – thickly applied paint

7. Oil

8. Oil, impasto

9. Acrylic – pigments are suspended in acrylic polymer medium
Allows fast drying (little blending, quicker glazing)
Water thinned and resistant when dry
Easier clean-up
High degree of intensity due to transparent mediums

10. Acrylic

11. Fresco – finely ground pigments suspended in water and applied to a damp lime-plaster surface.
Staining process similar to watercolor
Once the plaster dries, the painting becomes part of the wall

12. Fresco

13. Printmaking
Printmaking – a variety of techniques developed to reate multiple copies of a single image.
There are 4 basic categories of printmaking are:
Relief
Intaglio
Lithography
Screenprinting

14. Relief – the printmaker cuts away all parts of the printing surface not meant to carry the ink
Woodcuts
Linoleum cut
Examples of relief prints are fingerprints and marks made by wet tires

15. Woodcut Design with bold black and white contrast
Does not easily yield shades of color
For multiple colors individually inked blocks are carefully registered

16. Relief, woodcut

17. relief

18. The two intaglio processes are:
Intaglio – “to cut into” the opposite of relief: areas below the surface hold the ink
The two intaglio processes are:
Engraving
Etching

19. Engraving
- lines are cut into the polished surface of a copper, zinc, steel, aluminum or plastic plate with a burin (removing narrow strips of metal)
Precise smooth curves and lines are typical

20. Intaglio, engraving

21. Etching
- the printmaker prepares the metal plate with a ground (protective coating of acid resistant material)
-next they draw through the ground with a pointed tool exposing the metal
- finally the plate is immersed in acid that “bites” into the plate where the metal is exposed
Etching allows more freedom of line character

22. Lithography
- litho crayons, litho pencils, or tusche is used to draw the image onto the surface of Bavarian limestone
- The surface is chemically treated with gum arabic and acid to fix the image on the stone
- the surface is dampened with water and inked
The ink is repelled by water and adheres to the greasy area of the image

23. Lithograph

24. Screenprinting
- stencil printing; adhering a stencil to a screen made of silk fabric (now synthetic)
- after the stencil is in place, a squeegee is used to push ink through the fabric in the open areas
Used for production of uniform colors
There is no reversal of the image

25. Screen print