1. Postwar America ( )
Lesson 3 The Cold War Intensifies

2. Lesson 3 The Cold War Intensifies
Postwar America ( )
Lesson 3 The Cold War Intensifies
Learning Objectives
Describe how Cold War tensions were intensified by the arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union.
Explain how Eisenhower’s response to communism differed from that of Truman.
Analyze the impact on the United States of significant international Cold War conflicts.
Describe how Cold War tensions were intensified by the space race.

3. Lesson 3 The Cold War Intensifies
Postwar America ( )
Lesson 3 The Cold War Intensifies
Key Terms
mutually assured destruction
John Foster Dulles
massive retaliation
brinkmanship
Nikita Khrushchev
nationalized
Suez crisis
Eisenhower Doctrine
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

4. The Arms Race Intensifies Tensions
By 1950, the United States and the Soviet Union were, by far, the two most powerful nations in the world. The conflicting ideologies and goals of these rival nations led to a worldwide struggle for influence. The policies followed by the two superpowers would help shape the history of the 20th century for much of the world, from Latin America to the Middle East.

5. The Arms Race Intensifies Tensions
Cold War Worries Rise
The Arms Race Speeds Up

6. The Arms Race Intensifies Tensions
In the 1950s, personal nuclear bomb shelters became popular throughout the United States. They were equipped with beds, food, and other necessities designed to help a family survive a nuclear attack.

7. Eisenhower’s Response to Soviet Aggression
President Dwight Eisenhower knew firsthand the horrors of war and the need to defend democracy. He had led the World War II Allied invasions of North Africa, Italy, and Normandy. Having worked with top military and political leaders during the war, he was capable of speaking the language of both.

8. Eisenhower’s Response to Soviet Aggression
Eisenhower’s Policies toward Communism
Stalin’s Death Eases Tensions

9. Eisenhower’s Response to Soviet Aggression
Like Truman, President Eisenhower (left) and his Secretary of State, John Foster Dulles (right), believed that the containment of communism was essential to U.S. foreign policy.

10. Eisenhower’s Response to Soviet Aggression
Analyze Data How does the data shown in the infographic illustrate Eisenhower’s approach to defense spending?

11. International Cold War Conflicts
Peaceful co-existence was easier to imagine than it was to practice. The United States and the Soviet Union remained deeply divided. The Soviet Union would not allow free elections in the areas it controlled, and it continued to attempt to spread communism around the world. Dulles talked about “rolling back” communism and liberating the countries under Soviet rule.

12. International Cold War Conflicts
Uprisings Behind the Iron Curtain: Poland and Hungary
The Suez Crisis
The Eisenhower Doctrine
The Space Race Increases Tensions

13. International Cold War Conflicts
In 1956, Poland revolted against Soviet rule. Here, the crowd carries a Polish flag during an anti-communist demonstration.

14. International Cold War Conflicts
Analyze Maps The Suez Canal connects the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. Why was the canal so strategically important?

15. Quiz: The Arms Race Intensifies Tensions
Which Cold War event first suggested that Soviet military power might be on par with that of the United States?
A. The Soviet Union established the policy of brinkmanship.
B. The Soviet Union launched a satellite into an orbit of Earth
C. The U.S. discovered that the Soviet Union had set off an atomic bomb.
D. The U.S. learned that the Soviet Union had developed a hydrogen bomb.

16. Quiz: Eisenhower’s Response to Soviet Aggression
Which term describes John Foster Dulles’ threat to use extreme force in response to communist aggression?
A. the space race
B. the domino effect
C. massive retaliation
D. mutually assured destruction

17. Quiz: International Cold War Conflicts
How did President Eisenhower respond to the Suez Crisis?
A. He supported Europe’s effort to seize control of the Suez Canal.
B. He consulted with Nasser and resolved to send military aid to Egypt.
C. He offered to fund Nasser’s project to construct a dam on the Nile River.
D. He criticized Britain and France and refused to supply them with U.S. oil.