1. Genocide : A Sociological Approach
Social Justice and the Behavioral Science Behind Genocide
Chapter 10
Racial and Ethnic Relationships

3. Worse than War ? What is your definition of “genocide” ?
1944 Polish Jew coined the concept of genocide
Greek genos = “race”
Latin cide = “killing“

4. 1948 ~ United Nations convention on Genocide
the intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial or religious group, as such :
Killing members of the group
Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group
Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part
Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group
Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group

5. EARLY WARNING SYSTEM ?
Official statements regarding “ethnic cleansing”
Propaganda portrays the targeted groups as evil or subhuman
Massacres
Mass arrests
Forced marches
Forced migration / deportation
Forced labor
Loss of livelihood
Separation of families

6. WHAT IS THE GREATEST RED FLAG FOR THE START OF A GENOCIDE ?
REFUGEES

7. Realist vs. Anti – Realist Perspectives

9. THE IMPORTANCE OF BEARING WITNESS
Society must remember !
THERAPY ( healing process )
TRIBUTE ( monuments; museums )
REVENGE ( knowledge is power )
EDUCATION ( lessons of history )

10. BEHAVIORAL THEORIES FOR ACTS OF GENOCIDE
The aggressors view the victims as impeding economic progress of the country
The aggressors view the victims as “unworthy of life” ( different ethnicity, culture, religion, language, values, etc. )
The aggressors fail to see the humanity in others
The aggressors see the victims as enemies of mankind
The aggressors view the victims as the brunt of jokes
The aggressors utilize the media ( propaganda ) to promote myths to cloud judgement

11. 8 Stages of Genocide 1. Classification - All cultures have categories to distinguish people into “us and them” by ethnicity, race, religion, or nationality - The main preventive measure at this early stage is to develop universalistic institutions that transcend ethnic or racial divisions, that actively promote tolerance and understanding - The search for common ground is vital to early prevention of genocide.

12. 2. Symbolization - We give names or other symbols to the classifications - We name people “Jews” or “Gypsies”, or distinguish them by colors or dress; and apply symbols to members of groups - When combined with hatred, symbols may be forced upon unwilling members of the targeted groups

13. 3. DEHUMANIZATION - One group denies the humanity of the other group
Members of it are equated with animals, vermin, insects or diseases
Dehumanization overcomes the normal human revulsion against murder
At this stage, hate propaganda in print and on hate radios is used to vilify the victim group
In combating this dehumanization, incitement to genocide should not be confused with protected speech
Local and international leaders should condemn the use of hate speech and make it culturally unacceptable

14. DEHUMANIZATION CONTINUED …
Leaders who incite genocide should be banned from international travel and have their foreign finances frozen
Hate radio stations should be shut down, and hate propaganda banned
Hate crimes and atrocities should be promptly punished

15. 4. ORGANIZATION
Genocide is always organized, usually by the state, often using militias to provide deniability of state responsibility
Special army units or militias are often trained and armed
Plans are made for genocidal killings
To combat this stage, membership in these militias should be outlawed
Their leaders should be denied visas for foreign travel
The UN should impose arms embargoes on governments and citizens of countries involved in genocidal massacres

16. 5. POLARIZATION Extremists drive the groups apart
Hate groups broadcast polarizing propaganda
Laws may forbid intermarriage or social interaction
Extremist terrorism targets moderates, intimidating and silencing the center
Coups d’état by extremists should be opposed by international sanctions

17. 6. PREPARATION
Victims are identified and separated out because of their ethnic or religious identity
Death lists are drawn up
Property is expropriated
They are often segregated into ghettoes, deported into concentration camps, or confined to a famine-struck region and starved

18. 7. EXTERMINATION
Extermination begins, and quickly becomes the mass killing legally called “genocide”
It is “extermination” to the killers because they do not believe their victims to be fully human
When it is sponsored by the state, the armed forces often work with militias to do the killing
At this stage, only rapid and overwhelming armed intervention can stop genocide

19. 8. DENIAL Denial is the eighth stage that always follows a genocide
The perpetrators of genocide dig up the mass graves, burn the bodies, try to cover up the evidence and intimidate the witnesses
They deny that they committed any crimes, and often blame what happened on the victims
They block investigations of the crimes, and continue to govern until driven from power by force, when they flee into exile

20. Totalitarian Government An authoritative, single political party government led by a powerful dictator who uses strict policies to dominate and control citizens to force them into obedience

21. What is the relationship between Totalitarian Governments and Genocide
What is the relationship between Totalitarian Governments and Genocide ? Go back to the “Estimated Genocide 1900 – 2005” Map, why do you think there is no evidence of genocide in Democratic Nations ?

22. Totalitarian Governments use Strict Policies to Control Populations
Cult of Personality
Secret Police
Propaganda
Censorship of Media
No Toleration of Political Opposition
Youth Indoctrination Groups

23. FASCISM
A centralized, authoritarian government system whose policies glorify the state over the individual and is destructive to human rights

24. Variables of Fascism Extreme Nationalism
Glorified action, violence, discipline
Blind loyalty to the State ( government )
Foreign expansion ( warfare )
Anti – democratic ( no equality, no liberty )
Promised a strong economy / stable government

27. What is SOCIAL DARWINISM
What is SOCIAL DARWINISM ? Can social darwinism exist in a fascist society ?

28. What is ANARCHY ? What is AUTOCRACY ?

29. What is “SOCIAL CONFORMITY”
Does Social Conformity play a role in the success of totalitarian governments ?

30. Propaganda
What role does Propaganda play in the control of a country’s population ?

31. Causes
Diseases

32. The Year is
over but
the fight
goes on

33. He is at fault for the war The most prejudicial , frightening &
controversial
film every made
He is at
fault for
the war

34. 1. The
Jew is
behind
enemy
Power
2. German students rights;
For the leader & the people