1. College of Agriculture,Fisheries and Forestry
AGED Spring 2003
College of Agriculture,Fisheries and Forestry
SAC 302, Farming system
Lecture 8 JW

2. AGED Spring 2003
THE TERM
FARMING SYSTEMS refers to an ordered combination of crops grown, livestock produced, husbandry methods and cultural practices followed. JW

3. CLASSIFICATION TREE CROPS
AGED Spring 2003
CLASSIFICATION
TREE CROPS
fruit, nuts, beverage crop, rubber, pharmaceuticals, oil, lumber, paper, sweeteners, ornamentals, fuel, etc. JW

4. CLASSIFICATION (continued)
AGED Spring 2003
CLASSIFICATION (continued)
TILLAGE CROPS
cereal grains, oilseeds, vegetable crops, sugar crops, fiber crops, small fruits, coarse grains, etc. JW

5. CLASSIFICATION (continued)
AGED Spring 2003
CLASSIFICATION (continued)
ALTERNATING TILLAGE CROPS
hay crops, silage, green chop, “fodder”, etc. (i.e. sorghums, millet, alfalfa, small grains, grass, etc.) JW

6. CLASSIFICATION (continued)
AGED Spring 2003
CLASSIFICATION (continued)
GRASSLAND/GRAZING LAND
native range/grass, forbs, sage, shrubs, legumes, etc. JW

7. AGED Spring 2003
FARMING SYSTEMS
The particular Farming System found in a country or region is the result of a unique combination of factors, many of which are causative or associative in nature (i.e. Bananas and Wheat). JW

8. Influencing/impacting the development of specific Farming Systems.
AGED Spring 2003
FACTORS/CONDITIONS
Influencing/impacting the development of specific Farming Systems.
Climate, Elevation, Soil, Moisture, Soil stability, Pests, Technological adaptation & feasibility, Economic infrastructure and Social Infrastructure. JW

9. FACTORS IMPACTING FARMING SYSTEMS
AGED Spring 2003
FACTORS IMPACTING FARMING SYSTEMS
Climate - temperature & rainfall
Elevation - temperature
Soil - fertility, pH & organic matter
Land (physical) - soil type, texture, depth, permeability & slope.
Moisture - natural rainfall, irrigation, drainage, flood control, etc. JW

10. FACTORS IMPACTING FARMING SYSTEMS (continued)
AGED Spring 2003
FACTORS IMPACTING FARMING SYSTEMS (continued)
Soil stability - erosion & salinity
Pests - weeds, insects, diseases & predators.
Technological adaptation and feasibility - equipment, cultural practices, chemicals, new cultivars, etc. JW

11. FACTORS IMPACTING FARMING SYSTEMS (continued)
AGED Spring 2003
FACTORS IMPACTING FARMING SYSTEMS (continued)
Economic infrastructure - market access, government regulations, transportation system & processing industry.
Social infrastructure - work ethic, class/caste system, land tenure, education, diet, culture & dissemination of information. JW

12. MAJOR FACTORS IMPACTING THE CLASSIFICATION OF FARMING SYSTEMS
AGED Spring 2003
MAJOR FACTORS IMPACTING THE CLASSIFICATION OF FARMING SYSTEMS
Climate
Level of Technology
Infrastructure
Production Incentives
Political Constraints
Human Resources JW

13. AGED Spring 2003
SUB - CLASSIFICATION
Very Extensive - broad, much variation, inter cropping, strip cropping, involving several different different crops or livestock species.
Extensive
Intensive
Very Intensive - double cropping, crop rotation, crop residue management, erosion control. JW

14. NATURE & EXTENT OF FARMING SYSTEMS
AGED Spring 2003
NATURE & EXTENT OF FARMING SYSTEMS
Subsistence farming - produces only enough food and fiber for individual or family needs.
1) Involves the gathering/collection of food, fuel & building materials,
2) Rarely ventures into situations involving commercial production,
3) Requires little in the way of inputs, market access, monetary exchange, etc. JW

15. SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE (continued)
AGED Spring 2003
SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE (continued)
Hunter/Gathers
Nomads/Bedouins
Slash & Burn JW

16. NATURE & EXTENT (continued)
AGED Spring 2003
NATURE & EXTENT (continued)
Commercial Farming Systems - characterized by the commercial production of agricultural commodities for specific markets and capital intensive. JW

17. TYPES OF COMMERCIAL FARMING SYSTEMS
AGED Spring 2003
TYPES OF COMMERCIAL FARMING SYSTEMS
Tropical & sub-tropical plantations
Temperate zone grain production
Vegetable & fruit production
Livestock production
Mixed crop & livestock production JW

18. Sustainable Agriculture
AGED Spring 2003
Sustainable Agriculture
Protects soil fertility
Optimizes management & resources
Reduces the use of nonrenewable resources
Promotes opportunities in family farming
Achieves integration of natural biological cycles & controls JW

19. COLLECTIVE FARMING SYSTEMS
AGED Spring 2003
COLLECTIVE FARMING SYSTEMS
Agricultural operations in nations with centrally planned economies.
Usually operates under a rigid system of collective or state farms. JW