1. The upper mantle and the crust together make up this part of the earth?

2. LITHOSPHERE

3. Which layer of the Earth’s structure has the greatest thickness

4. MANTLE

5. Does the mantle or the core have the hottest temperatures?

6. The core because it is heating the mantle and causing convection currents.

7. Is there more pressure in the mantle or the core or the crust?

8. The core has the pressure of the mantle and crust upon it so it has more pressure.

9. Styrofoam is less dense than water and it floats on top of water
Styrofoam is less dense than water and it floats on top of water. The crust moves on top of the mantle so this means…

10. The crust is less dense than the mantle.

11. A landform built by a _________________ will have liquid rock flowing out of the mantle.

12. volcano

13. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge was built at a ___________ boundary in the ocean.

14. Divergent boundary

15. The tectonic plates are moved by the ________ _________ of hot material in the mantle.

16. Convection current

17. What force can cause large waves to travel across oceans and flood coastal lands?

18. An earthquake can trigger a tsunami.

19. How does volcanic ash in the air affect the amount of sunshine that hits the earth?

20. The ash blocks out the sunlight and can cause lower temperatures over the whole earth.

21. The law of superposition states that the oldest rocks are on the ____________.

22. Bottom of other layers of rocks

23. Alfred Wegner studied the evidence of identical fossils and rocks to prove his theory of : ____________ _______________.

24. Continental Drift

25. Which layer of the earth is filled with many different solid minerals?

26. The crust

27. How do volcanoes change the landscape?

28. The allow lava to flow out and cool to form new rock and new land, sometimes in mountain ranges.

29. If a continental plate crashes into an ocean plate, which one will go into the subduction zone?

30. The oceanic plate is more dense and so it with be forced underneath the continental plate.

31. Boundary between two plates that are moving apart.

32. DIVERGENT BOUNDARY

33. PLEASE REVIEW THESE TERMS AND THEIR ILLUSTRATIONS:

34. CONVECTION CURRENT
A current in Earth’s mantle that transfers heat in Earth’s interior and is the driving force for plate tectonics.

35. ASTHENOSPHERE
Plastic like layer of Earth on which the tectonic plates float and move around.

36. LITHOSPHERE
The rigid layer of Earth about 100 km thick, made of the crust and a part of the upper mantle.

37. CONVERGENT BOUNDARY
Boundary where two plates come together. They can form mountain ranges, volcanoes and tranches.

38. SEAFLOOR SPREADING
When oceanic plates separate and form mid-ocean ridges. Rising magma cools and forms new oceanic crust.

39. TRANSFORM BOUNDARY
Formed where two plates slide past each other. They move in opposite directions.

40. SEISMIC WAVES
Waves generated by an earthquake that travel through Earth.

41. MAGNITUDE A measure of the energy that is released from an earthquake.
Richter magnitude scale

42. TSUNAMI
Ocean waves caused by earthquakes.
Seismic sea waves.

43. VENT
An opening in Earth’s surface where magma is released.

44. EPICENTER
The point on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus of the earthquake.

45. FOCUS
The point where the energy release of the earthquake first occurs.
Located about 65 km beneath the surface of the Earth.

46. SEISMOGRAPH
An instrument that measures seismic waves from earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
They register the waves and record the time of the wave arriving at the station.

47. PRIMARY WAVES
Particles in rock stretch and compress as energy moves through it.
The first wave that leaves the focus of the earthquake.

48. SECONDARY WAVES
Particles in rock move in a backward, rolling motion and a side to side, swaying motion.
Picture a wave moving through a jump rope.