1. ZERO TURNING STEERING SYSTEM
PROJECT GUIDE: UBAID SHAH
BEME 1
MOHAMMAD HASSAN QURESHI
AAFAQUE AHMED SIDDIQUE
AAKEEB ASLAM MUKADAM

2. Introduction
Zero turn vehicle as the name itself indicates the meaning that a vehicle takes the turn with ‘0’ turning radius and gives circular path i.e. vehicle turns at the same place where its standing.

3. Why ‘0’ turning system ?
This system can increase the steering responsiveness .
Increases the vehicle stability when moving at certain speed .
It gives high traction into consideration like in case of heavy traffic areas or in areas of tight space.
Reduces the total time and fuel consumption like in case of parallel parking scenario.

4. OBJECTIVE. “To keep you moving”
We want to reduce the turning radius of car to approximately zero by letting vehicle to turn around its central axis.
To make easy handling of car by developing steering mechanism.
To reduce the time and fuel consumption like in case of parallel parking.
To solve problems encountered by trucks and busses while steering , like creating roadblocks and traffic.

5. LITRATURE: TILL DATE RESEARCHS ON THE TOPIC.
LITERATURE SURVEY.
LITRATURE:
TILL DATE RESEARCHS ON THE TOPIC.

6. LITERATURE SURVEY. SR. NO YEAR AUTHOR MAJOR FINDINGS 1. 2012 Hsien Yu
Study on power train of two axles four wheel drive electric vehicle. The works include mechanism and design for clutch less AMT,optimal transmission gear shifting design and finally power split strategy design in 4wd. 2.
2013
Lohith
Development of 4 wheel steering system for a car. The main aim of this project is to turn the rear wheels out of phase to the front wheels. 3.
2014
Schwab
Balance and control of a rear-wheel steering speed record recumbent bicycle. This shows that one can design a rear-wheel steered bicycle which shows a stable forward speed range. It is shown that rider steer torque stays with in human bounds.

7. JEEP HURICANE.
The Jeep Hurricane , which has multiple steering modes using four-wheel independent steering. That means that each wheel can turn independently from the others.
The ‘T-Box Zero Steer’ mechanism, allows all four wheels to "toe-in" and changes the drive direction to each wheel so that they alternate.
The jeep hurricane can actually rotate in place.

8. TATA PIXEL
The Tata Pixel is able to manoeuvre and park in tight spaces due to the zero turn toroidal traction-drive, Infinitely Variable Transmission (IVT), and due to its steering system design. This results in a turning circle radius of 2.6 meters. The steering and the transmission work together so that each wheel is driven independently with inputs from the steering system. By applying reverse drive on a single rear wheel and forward drive on a single front wheel, the car is able to turn almost in its own length.

9. LIMITATIONS OF CONCEPTS AVAILABLE
steering system is very complex.
skilled driver is required to operate.
more expensive
wear of tires is more.

10. CONSTRUCTIONS & DESIGN CALCULATIONS.

11. Construction.

12. 2 WHEEL STEERING ARRAMGMENT
PISTON AT INITIAL
POSITION

13. ZERO TURNING STEERING ARRANGMENT
PISTON AT FINAL
POSITION

14. TRANSFORMATION.
NORMAL STEERING
MODE
ZERO TURNING
MODE

15. DESIGN CALCULATED DIMENSIONS.

16. Thrust force calculation
Let ,
f = force in kg.
P = operating pressure in bar.
D = bore Let ,
f = force dia of piston in cm.
d = dia of piston rod in cm.
F = 3.14/4 x (D²-d²) x p
Therefore,
For bore dia of 20mm and piston rod of 50mm with pressure of 10bar.
F = 29 Kg per wheel.

17. Air consumption Its required to estimate the compressor capacity.
Let ,
D = dia of piston in cm.
d = dia of piston rod in cm
L = stroke length in cm
P = pressure in bar.
C = consumption in ltrs.
For forward stroke ,
C = (3.14/4 x D² x (P+1) x L ) / 1000 = ltrs
For reverse stroke ,
C = (3.14/4 x (D²-d²) x (P+1) x L ) / 1000 = ltrs
Therefore, total air consumption for single cycle is ltrs.

18. Pneumatic system

22. PNEUMATIC CIRCUIT DIAGRAM.

23. Cost of our system COMPONENTS QUANTITY COST PER ITEM
Cylinder (20*50mm) 4
1158
Flow control valves (1/8*4) 8
240
Hand lever valve (1/8inch) 2
868
Pilot operated valve
1267
Connectors (male) 16 50
Silencers (1/8) 20
Regulators & pr.gauge 1
622
Union tee 6 68
Tubing's (4mm) 7m
24/m
Rod end fork
200
Wheels 80
MS square hollow bars
8kg 45

24. EXPECTED OUTCOME
A vehicle with higher turning radius face difficulty in parking and low speed cornering due to its higher wheelbase and track width, in this scenario zero turning steering will be effective as the turning radius will be decreased for the same vehicle of higher wheelbase. As this radius of turning decreases time required for turning the vehicle and path which the vehicle covers while taking turns decrease.
The zero turning vehicle is designed such a way that it can be changed from four wheel steer to two wheel steer whenever required. This four wheel steer is designed only for the parking purpose, so when the vehicle has to move at a speed higher than 10 kmph it has to be in two wheel steer so the vehicle will be designed such that it can be converted to four wheel steer in parking and again back to two wheel steer

25. FUTURE SCOPE
As advancement is a compulsion in technology there’s always a way to progress. Further this concept of zero radiuses turning is simple, easy to install and it’s not even bulky. Addition to that it’s cost effective as compare to other concepts present in market. This mechanism is even more feasible and the idea has been drawn keeping in mind the functioning of land moving vehicles of jcb. With employment of this mechanism traffic problems especially in places like Mumbai where streets width are equal to the maximum length of vehicle, can be initiated and this mechanism can become ultimate need of vehicles. Thus there is a bright future considering all the factors above for implementing purpose.

26. CONCLUSION
we have successfully completed our project “Development of mechanism for zero radius steering system”.
In this project we studied different steering mechanisms used in present world along with the market research and overcoming the difficulties we have developed this mechanism.
we have also gained few soft skills such as team management and team cooperation
Our mechanism is useful in passenger vehicles and can also be employed in automated guided vehicles for industry purpose.

27. NORMAL STEERING
MODE
ZERO TURNING
MODE

28. Thank you