1. Activities at SMI/Vienna in testing the performance of SiPMs
J. Marton
Stefan Meyer Institute
for Subatomic Physics (SMI), Vienna
J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

2. Outline SMI Research Program SiPM test equipment at SMI
SiPM studies performed
Example for application: Beam profile monitor
Next steps
J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

3. SMI Research Program Kaon-nucleon interaction: SIDDHARTA at LNF,
E17 at J-PARC, FOPI at GSI, AMADEUS at LNF
Matter-Antimatter (A)symmetry at AD/CERN
Antiprotons at FAIR (PANDA, FLAIR, AIC)
Tests of fundamental principles (VIP at LNGS)
J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

4. Motivations Photon detectors for our physics program :
Study of the performance of SiPMs for scintillating fiber detectors: AMADEUS, FOPI
Cherenkov detectors for PID: PANDA
J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

5. Our interest in SiPM Applications
Low-level light detection and single photon read- out with SiPMs  Cherenkov detectors
Medium-level light detection in SiPM-coupled scintillating fiber detectors  position sensitive charged particle detection
SiPMs for fast calorimetry and large dynamic range
Ultra-fast timing for TOF-applications
J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

6. Geiger-Mode-Matrix APDs: The trouble with the name … (AMPD, MAPD, SiPM, MPPC,…)
Geiger-mode APD
Advantage: High Gain
Disadvantage: On/Off characteristics
(„digital device“)
Solution: Arrays of G-APDs
1 G-APD = „Cell“, „Pixel“
Output of all Cells added
Photon counting
Loss of active area
Single GM-APD is just a single switch. A single noise event triggers the whole detector area.  Detector always busy with noise.
Solution: Matrix design, noise triggers only a single cell.
Hamamatsu 100U MPPC
1x1 mm2, 100 APD cells
each 100 μm x 100 µm
J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

7. SiPM Test Systems at SMI
Black box with optical
board („bread board“) and picosecond-laser
Laser light can be attenuated and fed into optical fiber
J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

8. Picosecond – Laser for timing studies
Specifications:
Power (pulse) 1000 mW
Power (Ø max. f) 30 µW
Frequency (max) 1 Mhz
Wavelength λ 407 nm
Pulse duration 32 ps
J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

9. Setup at SMI for cooling tests
Vacuum chamber for cooling tests, Peltier cooling, chiller with temperature control
Light tight, prevents condensation of water vapor
SiPM mounting in the vacuum chamber:
Coupling into Laser beam via optical fiber
Feedthroughs for supply voltages and signal
Temperature control
J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

10. Low-level light detection (e.g. Cherenkov)
Requirements:
High photon detection (PDE) efficiency at short wavelengths
Moderate number of cells, high fill factor, good QE in the blue light range
Low noise  cooling can help - but
how the performance changes at low T
J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

11. Leakage Current Photonique Hamamatsu (HS 50)
Problem: How can one set a GM-APD at a certain operating point / gain?
Suggestion: Use the leakage current (current without light) which is made up by current through the diode + dark counts.
We investigated this leakage curret with respect to different ambiant conditions and found completely different dependencies for different types from different manufacturers.
Left: lower temperature -> lower leakage current
Right: lower temperature -> exp. increase of lc.
J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

12. Cooling Gain changes as function of T Dark count rate decreases
Afterpulses increase
J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

13. SiPMs tested Recently tests were also done with Hamamatsu 3x3 mm
New MAPDs from Zecotec
J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

14. Tests at SMI Current/voltage characteristics as function of T
Pulse-height spectra (CAMAC and VME based DAQ system), gain studies
Timing studies with ps laser
Study the effect of cooling on the performance
Measurements at different temperatures,
Peltier cooling below 0oC
J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

15. Recorded PH Spectra
J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

16. First tests of timing resolution
Different light intensity, threshold 0.5p.e.:
Mean: 10 photon
240ps FWHM
Mean: ~15 photon
180ps FWHM
Stefan
Hamamatsu 100U AMPD (HS 100)
J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

17. Comparison FWHM ~ 250 ps From Hamamatsu MPPC booklet
J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

18. An Example for the Application of SiPMs : Beam-Profile Monitor for FOPI
K. Suzuki, P. Bühler, S. Fossati, J. Marton, M. Schafhauser and J. Zmeskal, "Development of SciFi/CheFi detectors with SiPM readout", Proc. New Developments In Photodetection 2008", Aix-les-Bains, France, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physic Research A, in print.
Monitor of proton beam
Good position resolution ~1mm
1 grid consisting of 2 layers of scintillating fibers 1mm
9x9 cm active area
Resistant to magnetic field of 0.6 Tesla
High rate capability (>1 MHz)
J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

19. Beam Profile Monitor - Design
2 Layers of scint. fibers
X-Y
Readout with SiPMs
J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

20. During Assembling
J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

21. Beam Profile Monitor
J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

22. Installation at GSI-FOPI
J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

23. Installation at GSI-FOPI
J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

24. Beam profile
J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

25. Next steps Improving cooling system (hopefully down to -30ºC)
Automatic basic characteristics evaluation system to test new products and protypes
Timing performance of SiPMs with laser system
J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

26. Team @ SMI Ahmed Gamal Paul Bühler, Matthias Schafhauser, Ken Suzuki,
Johann Marton
technicians (3) and students
J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

27. Thank you for your attention
J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009

28. Dark count rate with Peltier cooling
Gain kept constant by adjusting the bias voltage
J. Marton AMPDs for Frontier Detector Systems, GSI, February 10, 2009