1. SAT Question
Artificial sweeteners are chemicals that offer the sweetness of sugar without as many calories. Artificial sweeteners are often used as part of a weight-control plan. People with diabetes may use artificial sweeteners because they make food taste sweet without raising blood sugar levels. Artificial sweeteners are the subject of debate; some think they cause health-related problems when used in excess. One artificial sweetener, aspartame, is not safe for people who have the rare hereditary disease phenylketonuria (PKU).
Several positive attributes of artificial sweeteners are listed. If you were conducting experiments on the safety of artificial sweetener use, what would be an appropriate hypothesis?
A) If an individual has diabetes, then he or she should be on a weight loss plan.
B) People who have the rare hereditary disease phenylketonuria should avoid using sugar.
C) If one uses an artificial sweetener, then he or she will have the hereditary disease phenylketonuria (PKU).
D) If diabetics use artificial sweeteners instead of sugar they will avoid an increase in blood sugar levels.

2. Answer
D is correct
If diabetics use artificial sweeteners instead of sugar they will avoid an increase in blood sugar levels. Based on the information in the passage, this would be the most reasonable testable statement.

3. Vocab
What do each of these stand for.
At.
ATC
AAROM
Abd AC

4. Evaluation-Ankle and Lower Leg

5. Anatomy Review-Bones Talus Tibia Fibula
Tibia and Fibula are connected by a syndesmosis

6. Anatomy Review-Ligaments
Anterior tibiofibular ligament
Posterior tibiofibular ligament
Anterior talofibular ligament
Posterior talofibular ligament
Calcaneofibular ligament
Deltoid Ligament
Anterior tibiotalar ligament
Posterior tibiotalar ligament
Tibionavicular ligament
Tibiocalcaneal ligament

7. Anatomy Review-Muscles
Muscles of the lower leg are divided into compartments
Anterior Compartment
Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum longus
Lateral Compartment
Peroneus longus
Peroneus brevis
Deep Posterior Compartment
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
Superficial Posterior Compartment
Gastrocnemius
Soleus

8. Anatomy Review-Muscles

9. History Onset-acute, chronic
Type of pain-how are symptoms affecting athletic participation or ADLs
MOI
Changes in activity or conditioning regimen
Prev hx

10. Observation Weight bearing vs. non-weight bearing Edema Redness
Deformity
Discoloration
Bilateral comparison
Muscle tone

11. Palpation
When palpating, check for deformity, alignment, edema, crepitus, and pain
Bones
Muscles
Ligaments
Tendons
Pulses
Posterior tibial artery
Dorsalis pedis artery

12. ROM Testing Measured with goniometer AROM, PROM, and RROM
Dorsiflexion, Plantar Flexion, Inversion, and Eversion

13. Ligamentous Testing Anterior Drawer Test-anterior talofibular ligament
Talar Tilt Test-Calcaneofibular ligament, anterior talofibular ligament, posterior talofibular ligament
Kleiger’s Test-Deltiod ligament, syndesmosis pathology

14. Neurological Testing
Lower quarter screen (will learn once we get to the hip)
Dermatomes
Myotomes

15. Special Testing Bump Test Squeeze Test Thompson Test
Anterior drawer test
Talar tilt
Kleigers

16. Ligamentous test
Anterior Drawer Test-anterior talofibular ligament
Talar Tilt Test-Calcaneofibular ligament, anterior talofibular ligament, posterior talofibular ligament
Kleiger’s Test-Deltiod ligament, syndesmosis pathology
Special Test
Bump Test
Squeeze Test
Thompson Test

17. Foot/Ankle Anatomy

20. Describe the common mechanism of injury for an acute ankle sprains
Describe the common mechanism of injury for an acute ankle sprains. What structures are damaged?
How can fx of the lower leg be ruled out?
What exactly are shin splints and what measures can be taken to eliminate the problem?