1. Mammalian Orders and Primates

2. First, A Quick Review – All Mammal Groups:
Marsupials
Monotremes

3. Placental Groups: Insectivora First placental group Insect eaters
High metabolism
Ex. Hedgehogs, Moles, Shrews

4. Chiroptera Biggest bat = fruit bat 2nd largest mammal group
Smallest bat = bumblebee bat
2nd largest mammal group
Only flying mammal (keel)
Locking foot tendons
Groom often

5. Rodentia Largest of all mammal orders (1700+ species)
Successful due to:
Small size
Rapid reproduction (2-3 litters/year)
Not specialized
Strong incisors

6. Edentata Toothless mammals (most are)
Eat ants, worms, termites, insects, carrion

7. Cetacea Evolved from land mammals Blubber replaces hair
Blow hole = nostrils

8. Carnivora Five families: Canids
Dog family (dogs, wolves, foxes, coyotes)
Most vocal carnivores
Digitigrade = walk on toes
Felids
Cat family (tiger, lion, bobcat)
Retractable claws
Nictitating membrane (eye)
Sense by whiskers (vibrissae)
60 day gestation

9. Carnivora 3. Ursids Bear family Some hibernate Omnivorous
Delayed implantation
Plantigrade = walk on sole and heel (humans)

10. Carnivora 4. Mustelids Weasel family (Otter, mink, weasel, ferret)
Known for many scent glands
Mainly carnivorous
5. Pinnepeds
Aquatic carnivores
Seals, walruses, sea lions

11. Sirenia Proboscidea Tough skin Prehensile trunk Herbivorous
Evolved from land mammals
Sea cow/manatee
Prehensile trunk
Long gestation (22 months)
elephants

12. Ungulates (hoofed animals)
Separated into odd-toed (horses, rhinos, tapirs) and even-toed (cow, camel, hippo, deer, goat …)
Multi-chambered stomach, symbiotic microbes
Chew cud

13. Primates

14. Prosimians
Ring-Tailed Lemur
- Found in Madagascar

15. Mongoose Lemur
Madagascar
arboreal

16. Loris
Indonesia
nocturnal
arboreal

17. Potto
Africa
Nocturnal
arboreal

18. Bush Baby
A.k.a. Lesser Galago
Nocturnal
Arboreal

19. New World Monkeys
Night Monkey
- Central and South America

20. Capuchin Monkey

22. Spider Monkey

23. Prehensile Tail

24. Marmoset

25. Old World Monkeys
Barbory Ape
- Not an ape, only wild monkey in Europe

26. Japanese Macaque
- Northern most monkey (survives in snow)

27. Mona Monkey
- Africa

28. Proboscus Monkey
Borneo
Old males have huge drooping noses

29. The Apes
Includes:
The “Lesser Apes”
The “Great Apes”

32. Lesser Apes:
Siamangs

33. Lesser Apes:
Gibbon

34. The Great Apes:
Orangutans
Gorillas
Chimpanzees

35. Orangutans = the “Red Ape”
One species ~ 5,000 in the wild
Live in SE Asia rain forest habitat

36. Diet: Fruit & leaves Cranial Capacity = 400 cc’s
Body Size: M=180 F= Sex Dimorph: Yes

37. Locomotion by “knuckle walking”
Social Grouping: solitary males

38. Sexual Maturity: males develop large cheeks & a chest “bib”
Nest Building: Yes, Tool use & making: Yes
Live ~ 35 years

39. Gorillas One species (2 subspecies: lowland & mountain)
~100,000 in the wild Central Africa Rain Forest

40. Diet: vegetation
Cranial Capacity: 500 cc
Body Size: M=400 F= 200

41. Knuckle walking
Social: 1 silverback, 1-2 young blackbacks,
several females “a troop”

42. Sexual maturity: male - silverback

43. Nest building: Yes
Tool use & making: Yes
Longevity: 35 years

44. Chimpanzees 2 Species: Chimps & Bonobos (Pygmy Chimps)
~ 100,000 in the wild
Central Africa Rain forest

45. B C

47. Diet: Omnivorous – fruits, nuts, meat

48. Cranial capacity: 400 cc
Body size: M=90 F= Slight Sex Dimorph.
Knuckle walking

49. Large social groups (15 – 70)
No distinct signs of sexual maturity

50. Nest Building: Yes
Tool making & use: Yes
Longevity ~ 45 years

52. Dr. Jane Goodall