1. Questions • I’m happy to answer questions clarifying material that you don’t understand; however, • Questions should be on topic (come to my office hours if you’d like to discuss something we didn’t cover in lecture) • Raise your hand and wait to be called on (the same applies if you have the answer to one of my questions) • We have a certain amount of material that we have to get through in each lecture, so I will suspend questions if we are running behind

2. High Middle Ages ( ) - Period of rapid demographic and economic growth - 36 million c. 1000; 72 million c Late Middle Ages (1300 to 1500) - Demographic and economic contraction - Famine and plague - War (Hundred Years War, Italian Wars, Wars of the Roses) - Crises in the Church - Rise of nation-states - Rise in literacy and education rates - Italian Renaissance - Protestant Reformation

3. The Church
Papal Monarchy
Papal States (central Italy)
Tithe
Canon law
Penance
Excommunication
Interdict
Fall of Acre – 1291

4. The Emergence of the State
Gens (people)
Res publica
Aristotle’s Politics