1. Transformations Around the Globe
Chapter 28 (P )
Transformations Around the Globe

2. China Largely self-sufficient Little interest in trading with the West
European merchants needed to find a product the Chinese would buy in large quantities

3. Opium Habit-forming narcotic
Used for pain relief in China for hundreds of years

4. Opium
British merchants smuggled it into China for non-medical use (late 18th Century)
By 1835, as many as 12 million Chinese were addicted

5. Opium War Qing Emperor demanded Britain stop trading opium
1939- War broke out
China defeated by the more technologically advanced Britain
Treaty gave Britain control of Hong Kong

6. Extraterritorial Rights
Foreigners were not subject to Chinese law at certain ports
Resentment grew

7. Internal Problems Population increased rapidly
Food production barely increased
People became discouraged
Opium use rose steadily
People began to rebel against the Qing Dynasty
Taiping Rebellion- brought down but at least 20 million people died

8. Sphere of Influence
Throughout the 19th century, other nations attacked China
Treaty negotiations gave many of Europe’s major powers & Japan increasing control of China’s economy

10. Open Door Policy
U.S. proposed that China’s trade be open to merchants of all nations
China is free from colonization
But, economy is at the mercy of foreign powers

11. Boxer Rebellion Society of Righteous & Harmonious Fists (Boxers)
Peasants & Workers opposed to foreigner privilege
Failed, but inspired nationalism

12. Chinese Reforms Chinese officials tour the world
Return & suggest restructuring of government- constitutional monarchy
Despite this effort, China remained in internal & external distress for the next 4 decades

13. End of Japanese Isolation
U.S. Commodore Matthew Perry- brought 4 steam ships into Tokyo Harbor
The Tokugawa Shogun realized he had no choice but to receive Perry

14. End of Japanese Isolation
Under threat, Japan opened two ports to U.S. ships
Other countries followed

15. Meiji Era Japanese people angry Tokugawa shogun stepped down
Emperor took control of the Government
Symbolized nationalism

16. Meiji Era Counter Western influence by modernization
Imitated the best of foreign ideas
Germany’s government & army
British Navy
American public education
Industrialized

17. Results Japan gained military, political, & economic strength
Became more imperialistic

18. Sino-Japanese War Japan vs. China Results: Chinese navy destroyed
Japan gains a foothold in Manchuria & colonies

19. Russo-Japanese War Japan vs. Russia Results:
Captured most of Russia’s Pacific Fleet
Destroyed Russia’s Baltic Fleet
Japan gained territories

20. Occupation of Korea Japan attacked, then annexed, Korea Harsh rulers
Resentment helped build Korean nationalism

21. U.S. Imperialism
Monroe Doctrine- the American continents will not be colonized
Response to fears of European colonization of Latin American countries

22. Spanish-American War U.S. joins Cuban war for independence from Spain
U.S. launched attack on Spanish-held Philippines
Spain could not fight a 2 front war

23. Spanish-American War U.S. installs a military government in Cuba
U.S. gains Puerto Rico, Guam, & Philippines from Spain

24. Panama Canal French company tried & failed
U.S. offered payment to Columbia for right to build a canal
Columbia refused
U.S. urged Panamanian revolution

25. Panama Canal Panama won independence
With U.S. help
Granted U.S. a 10-mile wide zone to build the canal
Opened in 1914

26. Roosevelt Corollary
Gave the U.S. the right to be “an international police power” in the Western Hemisphere