2. Part Three SOURCES AND COLLECTION OF DATA
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,All Rights Reserved.

3. Chapter Twelve INSTRUMENTS OF PARTICIPANT COMMUNICATION

4. Instrument Design Process
Phase 1: Developing the instrument design strategy
Phase 2: Constructing and refining the measurement questions
Phase 3: Drafting and refining the instrument

5. Developing the Instrument Design Strategy
Management-Research Question Hierarchy:
The management problem/question
Research question(s)
Investigative questions
Measurement questions

6. Strategic Concerns of Instrument Design
What type of data is needed to answer the management question?
What communication approach will be used?
Should the questions be structured, unstructured, or some combination?
Should the questions be disguised or undisguised?

7. Ways to Interact with the Participant
Personal interview
Telephone
Mail
Computer

8. Types of Measurement Questions?
Target
Classification
Administrative

9. Appropriate Question Content
Should this question be asked?
Is the question of proper scope and coverage?
Can the participant adequately answer this question, as asked?
Will the participant willingly answer this question, as asked?

10. How to Test a Respondent’s Appropriateness
Filter questions
Screen questions

11. Question Wording Criteria
Is the question stated in terms of a shared vocabulary?
Does the question contain vocabulary with a single meaning?
Does the question contain unsupported assumptions?
Is the question correctly personalized?
Are adequate alternatives presented within the question?

12. What Dictates Your Response Strategy?
Characteristics of participants
Nature of the topic(s) being studied
Type of data needed
Your analysis plan

13. Types of Response Questions
Free-response
Dichotomous
Multiple-choice
Checklist
Rating
Ranking

14. Guidelines to Refining the Instrument
Awaken the participant's interest
Use buffer questions as a guide to request sensitive information
Use the funnel approach to move to more specific questions

15. Improving Survey Results
Pretesting is an established practice for discovering errors and useful for training the research team