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II. Egypt
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2nd major civilization to develop
“Gift of the Nile” – Egypt’s nickname Nile River is the longest river in the world stretching 4100 miles Nile flooded yearly like clockwork and it left behind rich deposits of black mud
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Modern Day Nile River
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Regular flooding created repeated patterns
Plant Harvest
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A. Pharaohs Rule as Gods Pharaohs – Egyptian king-gods who headed both government and religion Egyptians worshiped kings like gods Theocracy – Government controlled by religious leaders
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B. Pyramids Great tombs built for pharaohs and queens
Built without the aid of wheels Believed in a life after death Ka – Eternal spirit inside pharaohs that lived forever and continued to take part in government
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Great Pyramids of Giza – Most famous example of pyramids near Cairo, Egypt
King Tutankamen – Famous death mask found in his pyramid
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Great Pyramid of Giza
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View at Night
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King Tut
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Egyptian coffins
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C. Egyptian Religion One of the first religions to believe in an afterlife Polytheistic – Believe in many gods Mummification – Embalming and drying the corpse to prevent it from decaying Osiris – God of the Dead who weighed a person’s heart to determine their fate
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4000 Year Old Egyptian Mummy
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D. Egyptian Achievements
1) Egyptian writing Hieroglyphics – Egyptian form of writing where pictures stand for ideas Papyrus – Reeds made into paper
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Egyptian symbol known as the ankh
Represents either life or “eternal life”
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The Rosetta Stone, discovered in 1799 A.D.
The Rosetta Stone can be viewed by tourists today in the British Museum.
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Library of Alexandria
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2) Math Created an early form of geometry Used advanced math to build the pyramids
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Great Sphinx
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3) Developed a calendar Farmers needed a way to track time between floods and harvest Created a calendar with 12 months and 365 days Only 6 hours short of modern calendars
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4) Medicine Studied medicine in a scientific way Knew how to check a person’s heart rate Set broken bones with splints Used surgery to treat some conditions
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