1. 31-2 A Worldwide Depression
Postwar Europe
War left every major country bankrupt
Europe's last absolute rulers have been overthrown
Countries use “coalition governments”
Difficult to develop strong leadership/long term goals

2. Weimar Republic German government in 1919
Weakness: lacked strong democratic tradition
Many major/minor political parties in Germany
Weimar blamed for WWI losses and Treaty of Versailles

3. THE ECONOMY
Prosperity was short lived. The collapse of the New York Stock Exchange brought the U.S. and the rest of the Industrial World into a severe economic recession resulting in a recession, unemployment, and falling of wages.
The collapse was known as “The Great Depression”
Great Depression response -New Deal (FDR) new President
“New Deal”: new program to attempt to save the country. Geared towards relief and reform.

4. THE NEW DEAL RELIEF AND REFORM!!
The New Deal was a program to bring relief and reform to people who were suffering the most from the Depression.
Welfare relief
Granted money to each state for food, clothing, and shelter.
Social Security
Provided help with the unemployed, old age benefits and minimum wage.
Food Stamps
Helped the poor provide with food.

5. 31-3 Fascism Rises in Italy
Preach Nationalism
Nations must struggle to succeed
Loyalty to leader
Wore uniforms, had special salutes, created mass rallies

6. Mussolini Takes Control
Fascism in Italy fueled by no gained territory after WWI
Benito Mussolini promises to regain territory, revive economy, and build armed forces
October ,000 fascists marched towards Rome demanding Mussolini be put in control
He abolishes democracy and all political parties but fascist
Jailed opponents and outlawed strikes

7. Hitler Rises to Power
Hitler was a failed artist in Vienna. In Vienna the Jews contributed to the city’s rich cultural life and also has risen to high respected positions Hitler hated and resented this. This is when his hatred of all Jews began and he became totally Anti- Semitic.
WWI part of German Army
Part of group called National Socialist German Workers Party (NAZI)
Belief was to overthrow Treaty of Versailles restrictions
German brand of Fascism known as Nazism
Symbol=swastika
Private military=“storm troopers”
Hitler gains power and similar to Mussolini marches toward Munich but fails and gets arrested
Mein Kampf (my struggle)
Germans become master race
Hitler states Treaty of Versailles is an outrage

8. Hitler Becomes Chancellor
Hitler wants more than economic/political control. Complete control of German life
Uses all sorts of media to spread Nazism
Hatred of Jewish people became key part of Nazi- ideology
Used as scapegoats for German troubles
Jewish people lost rights and violence mounted
November 9, 1938 Nazi mobs attack Jewish people at home, streets and destroyed buildings
Known as the “Night of the Broken Glass”
Started the process of the elimination of Jewish people within Germany

9. 31-4 Japan Invades Manchuria
Manchuria territory claimed by China
Very rich in oil/coal
1931 Japan invades and seizes the territory
Built many factories/mines
First encounter for L.O.N
Japanese ignore and withdraw from league
Mussolini notices this and invades Ethiopia
L.O.N gave in trying to keep peace within Europe

10. Hitler Defies Treaty of Versailles
Hitler announces he will not obey the guidelines listed in the Treaty
L.O.N fails again
Hitler marches into Rhineland and takes control (buffer zone between Germany and France)
France and G.B. urge appeasement
Re-occupation of Rhineland causes 3 things
Strengthen Hitler’s power
Balance of power favors Germany
Weak response urges Hitler to expand faster
Hitler’s quick rise to power urged Mussolini to create an alliance known as Rome-Berlin Axis (G, I)
Later Japan joins creating the Axis Powers (G, I, J)

11. Nations Try to Preserve Peace
Horrors of WWI created a deep desire to avoid war
U.S. follows by adopting a policy called isolationism
German Reich (Empire) expands however
Annex Austria
France/G.B ignore pledge to protect Austria
Germany later attempts to annex Czechoslovakia

12. Munich Conference
Mussolini proposes meeting between Germany, France, G.B, and Italy in Munich, Germany on September 29, 1938
Neville Chamberlain believes peace could be restored by giving into the demands
Winston Churchill disagrees and believes it is a huge mistake
6 months later Hitler takes all of Czechoslovakia
Mussolini takes Albania
Hitler demands Poland
G.B and France turn to the Soviet Union for help
Stalin bargains with Hitler creating “Non-Aggression” Pact
Never attack each other
WWII appears inevitable