1. Aim: who were the Incas and how did they have an impact on the world?

2. Aim: to what extent was Incan civilization influenced by their environment?

3. When?
12 Century – 16th Century, until the arrival of Pizarro and other Spanish conquistadors.

4. Where?
South America along the Andes from Ecuador, Colombia in the North to Chile in the South centered on Peru, the heartland.

6. Why might the Incan heartland be located in the Andes?
Why are the Andes called the spine of South America?
Why might the Incan heartland be located in the Andes?

7. Social and Political Structure

9. Social Structure
Extremely classist (and patriarchal…just like… every other society including the Maya).
Inca, royal family, aristocracy, nobility, commoners.

10. Politics
Empire was more of a confederation in which conquered peoples owed allegiance to the central Incan authority.
Internal self rule… including protectorates.

11. Economy
What do you think?
Agrarian!!!!!!
Terraced farming and irrigation so successful, more land in Peru was being farmed by the Incas than what is the case today!
Corn, potatoes
Llamas and alpacas
Guinea Pigs
Textiles

18. Religion Polytheistic
The Inca was the divine descendent of the “Sun God” the most significant of all Gods.
Believed in a heaven and hell, and the possibility of resurrection after death.

19. Science, Language, & Writing
Why?
Very good engineers
Spoke Quechua. Still widely spoken in the central Andes.
Didn’t really have a system of writing but rather kept records using a system of colored knotted strings called quipu.

23. Aim: to what extent was Incan civilization influenced by their environment?

24. Incan Engineering

25. Machu Picchu

29. Cuzco

34. Why does Spanish architecture look so much like Arab architecture?
Lima

35. Downfall
Francisco Pizarro and other Spanish conquistadors invaded in 1531.
Atahualpa executed in 1533.
Incans finally suppressed by the 1560’s.

36. FIN

37. Aim: to what extent were the Spanish successful in oppressing Native American people and their culture in the Americas?

38. Where are the Incas now?

40. Cuzco

45. Alberto Fujimori

46. Alan Gabriel Ludwig Garcia Perez

47. Ollanta Humala

48. 2008 Peruvian Demographics
Amerindian (Native American) 45%
Mestizo 37%,
White 15%,
Blacks, Japanese, Chinese, and other 3%
Source: cia.gov
How many of the above presidents were Amerindian? Why?

49. FIN