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Expansion of Civil Rights

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1 Expansion of Civil Rights
Essential question: How did the Civil Rights Movement show the way for the expansion of rights to other groups, including women, Mexican Americans, and Native Americans?

2 TEKS and Objectives We will…
(9f) Describe the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (9I) Describe how Mendez v. Westminster, Hernandez v. Texas, Delgado v. Bastrop I.S.D., and Edgewood I.S.D. v. Kirby played a role in protecting the rights of the minority during the civil rights movement (17D) identify actions of affirmative action and Title IX to create economic opportunities for citizens and analyze the unintended consequences (21A) analyze the effects of Hernandez v. Texas, Wisconsin v. Yoder, and White v. Regester (23A) identify and analyze lobbying, non-violent protesting, litigation, and amendments to the constitution (2d) explain the significance of 1968 as a turning point (6a) analyze causes and effects of the changing role of women (7G) explain the opportunities and obstacles for women and ethnic minorities (9B) describe the roles of Chicano, American Indian, women’s, and other Civil Rights movements (9C) identify the roles of Cesar Chavez, Hector P. Garcia, and Betty Friedan

3 Causes of Women’s Liberation (Feminist) Movement
Dissatisfaction Many unhappy with roles as housewives Sought freedom to express themselves in careers and work Influence of Civil Rights Movement Many female leaders in CRM Adopted same techniques to obtain women’s rights (lobbying, sit-ins, boycotts, strikes)

4 Causes of Women’s Liberation (Feminist) Movement
The “Sexual Revolution” Sex education in schools Access to birth control Objection to being treated as “sex objects” Dynamic Leadership Highly educated/talented women Betty Friedan and Gloria Steinem founded Ms. Magazine

5 Betty Friedan (1921-2006) The Feminine Mystique
Book challenged belief that suburban women were happy being housewives Women should compete for same jobs as men National Organization of Women (NOW) Founded by Friedan Became chief voice of Women’s Movement

6 In her book, Friedan challenged the belief that all women were content leading lives as mothers and housewives: “Each suburban housewife struggles with it alone. As she made the beds, shopped for groceries, matched slipcover material, ate peanut butter sandwiches with her children, chauffeured Cub Scouts and Brownies, [and] lay beside her husband at night – she was afraid to ask even of herself the silent question – ‘Is this all?’” Some criticized Betty Friedan for limiting her focus to middle-class, educated women. They claimed she ignored other women’s voices. Do you think this was a valid criticism? Explain your answer.

7 Achievements of the Women’s Liberation Movement
Education Affirmative action forbade discrimination based on sex More female professors hired More women admitted to military academies, law schools, and medical schools Employment Equal Pay Act (1963) required same wages for men and women

8 Achievements of the Women’s Liberation Movement
New Attitudes Objected to beauty pageants, sexist language (policeman/fireman), women as sex objects in advertising, and sexual discrimination in textbooks Lobbied for research of women’s diseases (breast cancer) Roe v. Wade (1973) “Pro-choice” part of movement Many states prohibited abortion Supreme Court ruled women had a right to privacy and termination of pregnancy within first 3 months

9 Achievements of the Women’s Liberation Movement
Title IX Part of Educational Amendments Act (1972) Banned sex discrimination in educational institutions Helped women obtain higher degrees and compete in sports

10 The excerpt below is from Title IX of the Educational Amendments Act:
“No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance,…” Why is it important for women and men to enjoy equal opportunities for participation in school activities? Explain your answer.

11 Black Power Movement Search for New Identity Malcom X
Rejected imitating whites/American culture Promote pride in their culture – “Black is Beautiful” Afro haircuts/fashion based on African culture Malcom X Questions MLK’s policy of non-violence Meet violence with violence Assassinated by rival Black Muslim in 1965

12 Black Power Movement New Groups Emerge
Challenged traditional leadership of NAACP Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) - excluded whites Black Muslims - believed Islam should be African American Religion

13 Black Power Movement Black Panthers Ran their own newspaper
Carried weapons to protect black neighborhoods from police Ran free breakfast program for African American children Demanded greater opportunities/benefits (full-employment, decent housing, education, and freedom) Demanded reparations for centuries of oppression

14 The Ghettos Erupt, 1968 Ghettos MLK Assassinated (April 1968)
Ethnic communities in decaying inner cities Landlords failed to maintain buildings City officials cut back on inspections MLK Assassinated (April 1968) Killed by white supremacist in Memphis Led to outpouring of anger/national mourning Race Riots Across the Nation Cost dozens of lives, destroyed property, and led to hundreds of millions of dollars in damage Caused by lack of job opportunities, urban poverty, and white racism

15 The Chicano Movement Chicanos Focus of Chicano Movement
Mexican Americans Faced discrimination, racism, and exploitation Focus of Chicano Movement Farm workers’ voting and political rights

16 Leaders of The Chicano Movement
Dr. Hector Perez Garcia Surgeon and WWII Veteran Fought against discrimination/segregation of Mexican Americans Arranged for a highly publicized burial at Arlington National Cemetery for soldier denied by Texas funeral home Became first Mexican American on U.S. Commission on Civil Rights

17 Leaders of The Chicano Movement
Cesar Chavez Organized farm workers in California Demanded better wages/working conditions Emphasized non-violent protests (strikes, fasts, boycotts)

18 Leaders of the Chicano Movement
Dolores Huerta Labor leader associated with Chavez Together formed National Farm Workers Association (later United Farm Workers) Extended aid to families of farm workers Expanded her efforts to include women’s rights, environmental protection, and immigration policy in the 1980s Awarded Medal of Freedom in 2012

19 The Chicano Mural Movement
Cultural Pride and Expression Murals painted in barrios throughout Southwest Provided visual presence for issues facing people who lacked a voice

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24 The American Indian Movement (AIM)
Reservations Administration transferred to the states in s States unable to fund programs Poverty and mistreatment of Native Americans despite efforts of federal government (Civil Rights Act of 1964)

25 The American Indian Movement (AIM)
“Red Power” Slogan of AIM Sought greater respect for their heritage Introduced the term “Native American” Protested bias and stereotypes in textbooks, t.v. shows, and movies Occupied government monuments on Alcatraz Island and Wounded Knee

26 Landmark Civil Rights Cases
Visit to read about important civil rights court cases. Fill in your graphic organizer with the information found on this website.

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