1. SUNRISE Update Presented by: Steve Steffel, Alex Dinkel
October 7, 2014

2. Acknowledgement: This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy Award Number DE-OE
Disclosure: 'This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United Sates Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights.
Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade, name trademark, manufacturer , or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement , recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof . The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof ."

3. Current State – ACE (10/6/2014)
Active Renewable
Successfully completed the interconnection of over 6,000 customers in NJ with greater than 99% acceptance
Density of solar requests requires detailed studies to prevent flicker and other power quality issues for customers on the circuit with high solar penetration (Note: high voltage complaints are on the rise)
Out of the 24 Impact studies have been required
11 were completed
9 of the requests were withdrawn
4 are waiting for customer decision
There are 14 systems larger than 2 MW connected to the ACE distribution system (4 non-renewable)
Out of 347 circuits in ACE
4 have restrictions that affect systems of all sizes
3 have restrictions that affect systems > 50 kW
29 have restrictions that affect systems > 250 kW
Restricted Circuits – NJ ACE Service Territory
ACE only, 4 in DPL

4. Concentration of small installations could have similar effect
DER Impacts to a Distribution Feeder B R P O I
SOURCE
IMPEDANCE (
TRANSMISSION
AND
GENERATION
SYSTEM )
OTHER
CUSTOMERS
ACE
SUBSTATION
VOLTAGE
REGULATOR
CAPACITOR
BANK 2
MW SOLAR
INSTALLATION
Impacts:
Voltage – Steady state and fluctuations for customers and automatic line equipment
Safety/Protection – Increased available fault currents, sympathetic tripping, reverse flow, reduction of protective reach
Loading – Increases in unbalance, masking of demand, capacity overloads
Control Equipment – potential for increased operations for voltage regulators, capacitors and under load tap changers
Power Quality – potential for harmonic issues
Concentration of small installations could have similar effect
LDC

5. DEW Planning Analysis Capabilities
DEW is a semi-automated Distributed Energy Resources (DER) impact assessment tool
It runs time-series load flows to analyze the impact of intermittent generation
Models the impact of increasing generation against the entire grid, rather than a single circuit
For Solar Generators, allows back casting and forecasting of the PV output through “Sky Data” interface
Allows for in-house detailed studies to be performed, saving Customers time and money
Capable of modelling to the meter when data is available
CUSTOMER VOLTAGE
With AMI data
Transformer with
Reverse Power Flow
-T+D
-Time Series
-Model secondaries down to meter

6. U.S. Department of Energy Solar Utility Networks: Replicable Innovations in Solar Energy (SUNRISE)
“to enable utilities to develop long-term strategic plans that integrate high levels of renewable energy generation and ensure reliable real-time power systems operations under high renewable penetration.”
Source:

7. PHI Sunrise Project
Model-Based Integrated High Penetration Renewables Planning and Control Analysis
PHI is partnering with:
Electrical Distribution Design (DEW software development/technical)
Clean Power Research (solar Irradiance data)
Rutgers University (economic analysis)
FSMA - Control can be run against simulator or real system through connection to SCADA
Model-Based Simulator

8. Project Objectives
Voltage Control Device Setting Practice. Develop and field test a new autonomous voltage control device setting practice that creates “headroom” so that customers who own generation can export power without causing over voltages at the meter. This concept may increase feeder hosting capacity and potentially open feeders currently closed to solar photovoltaics (PV).
Feeder Hosting Capacity Evaluation. Use Distributed Engineering Workstation (DEW)/Integrated System Model (ISM) analysis to evaluate increased hosting capacity from voltage control device settings together with other improvements such as phase balancing, capacitor sizing and placement, and use of advanced PV inverter controls and storage.

9. Project Objectives
High Penetration Renewables Real-Time Operations Monitoring, Forecast and Control. Combine feeder performance, autonomous voltage control device simulation and EDD Voltage Control analysis to implement an integrated distribution and transmission (T&D) simulation that Operations personnel use to forecast and monitor the effects of PV and other DER. The system will identify potential PV driven problems and effects across the entire T&D system. Simulating central control, the system will also automatically generate coordinated voltage and var control and advanced PV inverter set point recommendations using prioritized multi-objective goals with user specified operating limits. This will improve hosting capacity while monitoring and improving efficiency.
Advanced Solar Forecasting and Back Casting. Evaluate use of simulated PV clear sky and cloudy day variability output measurements for time-series, temporal, quasi-steady state planning and operations management analysis and simulation.

10. Data that Inform the DEW Model
DEW Model Import Tools
Database of customer owned generation
Protection settings database
GIS – Location, configuration, construction of lines and equipment
SCADA
Customer usage information
AMI, profiles
ACE Transmission System Model
60 Distribution Circuit Models

11. Define and Evaluate Voltage Headroom
Define and evaluate new autonomous voltage control device setting concepts using model-based analysis and simulation
Evaluate circuits for available headroom by lowering voltage regulation equipment set-points (LTC, VR, caps)
Thorough evaluation of 3 circuits to determine methodology. Validation and evaluation process to be automated for remaining circuits
Determine methodology for calculating feeder hosting capacity

12. Define and Evaluate Voltage Headroom
Hosting capacity evaluation:
Start at base case (currently installed PV) and evaluate steady state voltage (high and low voltage) and voltage change due to loss of PV
Randomly add PV (in10 kW PV units) to circuit and evaluate steady state voltage and voltage change
Evaluate Criteria
High voltage, Voltage variability, reverse power flow, increase in fault current, relay desensitization
Use voltage regulation strategies to resolve criteria violations
Repeat at each kW interval with a different random allocation of PV and tabulate results

13. Define and Evaluate Voltage Headroom
Findings:
2 out of 3 circuits have very limited capacity for lowering fixed voltage set-point as a practice
Voltage regulation scheme designed around peak load point
Dynamic voltage regulation set-points a more promising approach

14. Operations Monitoring (FSMA)
Forecast, Schedule, Monitor and Adjust (FSMA): Uses model based simulation to estimate current and forecasted operation of feeders with PV
Real-time operations monitoring using live SCADA connection and CPR forecast data (future)
Planning analysis using historical time-series load and back cast CPR data
Includes simulation of centralized and distributed control
LTC’s, Voltage Regulators, Capacitors and PV Inverters can be run using standard local controls, advanced local controls or run as part of supervisory optimal Conservation Voltage Regulation (CVR) control
Makes it possible to run time-series simulation of PV and advanced PV inverter control together with other voltage control devices for both operations management and planning/control design

15. FSMA Control Simulation Algorithm
Multi-objective optimization algorithm with weighting factors for:
1. Voltage violation reduction (volts)
2. Loss reduction (kWh)
3. "Flicker" reduction (volts)
4. Load reduction (in kW, accomplished by reducing voltage for voltage-dependent loads)
Weighted improvements are compared to user-configurable "costs" to determine the best control action to be taken:
1. Switching a capacitor ("cost" per switch on/off)
2. Stepping a voltage regulator/LTC ("cost" per step)
3. Curtailing PV kW ("cost" per kW curtailed)

16. Pilot Circuit Feeder selection was based on
Ability to leverage existing monitoring equipment
Large PV systems installed on feeder create high penetration challenges
Collaborative project with EPRI and Solectria
Testing will include reducing set point of SCADA controlled voltage regulator and volt/var control of inverters
FSMA will inform decisions made by operators

17. Provide DOE and Public Accessible Data
Public accessible data will be published to the PHI to renewable energy webpage:
A project overview description and our latest SUNRISE Status Update PowerPoint presentation for Topic A-1 and A-2 work has been submitted and approved for posting.
Non-proprietary data generated to date consists of presentations and reports

18. Next Steps
Automate hosing capacity analysis and run on remaining circuits
Incorporate advanced inverter functionality
Economic review of solutions for increasing hosting capacity

19. Contact Us Steve Steffel Alex Dinkel Green Power Connection Team
(302)
Alex Dinkel
(302)
Green Power Connection Team
(866)