1. GI
HBV
IBD
LFTs
Liver function tests (LFTs)
Stool culture
Stool guaiac test or Hemoccult test
Gastric bypass or bariatric surgery
Gastrointestinal endoscopy
Liver biopsy
Nasogastric intubation
Paracentesis (abdominocentesis)
MRI
NG tube
NPO
PEG tube
PEJ tube
PTHC
PUD
Alk phos
ALT, AST BE
BRBPR BM
CT scan
EGD
ERCP
EUS GB
GERD
TPN
T tube

2. Chapter 6 Additional Suffixes and Digestive System Terminology
Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 2

3. Chapter Goals
Define new suffixes and use them with digestive system combining forms.
List and explain laboratory tests, clinical procedures, and abbreviations common to the digestive system.
Apply your new knowledge to understanding medical terms in their proper context, such as medical reports and records.

4. Chapter 6 Lesson 6.1

5. Suffixes -ectasis, -ectasia -emesis -lysis -pepsia -phagia -plasty
-ptosis
-ptysis
Which suffix(es) describe(s) a position?
Which suffix(es) describe(s) a motion?
Which suffix is used in a term that describes uncontrolled eating?
Which suffixes are surgical?
What is the difference between hematemesis and hemoptysis?

6. Suffixes (cont’d) -rrhage, -rrhagia -rrhaphy -rrhea -spasm -stasis
-stenosis
-tresia
Which suffixes also stand alone as a word?
Which suffix describes a motion?
Which suffix is used in a term that describes flow or discharge?

7. Suffixes (cont’d) Suffixes that are also terms: emesis (emetic) lysis
spasm
stasis
stenosis
Use two of these terms in a sentence.

8. QUICK QUIZ: 1. Which term means difficulty in swallowing? dysphasia
dysphagia
dysplasia
polyphagia
Correct answer is B: dysphagia. (A, dysphasia means difficulty speaking; C, dysplasia means abnormal formation or development; D, polyphagia means excessive appetite.)

9. QUICK QUIZ: 1. Which term means difficulty in swallowing? dysphasia
dysphagia
dysplasia
polyphagia
Correct answer is B: dysphagia. (A, dysphasia means difficulty speaking; C, dysplasia means abnormal formation or development; D, polyphagia means excessive appetite.)

10. QUICK QUIZ: (cont’d) 2. Which term means to control or stop bleeding?
hemostasis
hematoma
hemoptysis
cholestasis
Correct answer is A: hemostasis.

11. QUICK QUIZ: (cont’d) 2. Which term means to control or stop bleeding?
hemostasis
hematoma
hemoptysis
cholestasis
Correct answer is A: hemostasis.

12. Combining Forms and Terminology
bucc/o
cec/o
celi/o
cheil/o
chol/e
cholangi/o
cholecyst/o
choledoch/o
col/o
colon/o
“Col/o” is commonly combined with another form. What is it? (colorectal)
What is a cholecystectomy?

13. Combining Forms and Terminology (cont’d)
jejun/o
labi/o
lingu/o
lip/o
lith/o
odont/o
or/o
palat/o
pancreat/o
proct/o
Using the previous suffixes, combine forms to build terms.
Which combining forms are not anatomical for a specific body part? (lip/o, lith/o)

14. Combining Forms and Terminology (cont’d)
pylor/o
rect/o
sialaden/o
splen/o
steat/o
stomat/o
What is sialadenitis?
What is steatorrhea?
What is stomatitis? (Many students believe this is for stomach.)

15. QUICK QUIZ: 3. Which term means enlarged liver? acromegaly
cardiomegaly
hepatomegaly
hepatitis
Correct answer is C: hepatomegaly.

16. QUICK QUIZ: 3. Which term means enlarged liver? acromegaly
cardiomegaly
hepatomegaly
hepatitis
Correct answer is C: hepatomegaly.

17. Laboratory Tests and Clinical Procedures
Liver function tests (LFTs): tests for enzymes and bilirubin in blood
Stool culture: test for microorganisms in stool
Stool guaiac test or Hemoccult test: test to detect blood in feces
What is a screening test for colon cancer? How does it work?
Describe the enzymes LFTs measure.

18. QUICK QUIZ:
4. Which of the following tests for the clear fluid that remains after blood has clotted (serum)?
stool guaiac
hemoccult
stool culture
LFTs
Correct answer is D: LFTs—liver function tests which test for the presence of enzymes and bilirubin in serum.

19. QUICK QUIZ:
4. Which of the following tests for the clear fluid that remains after blood has clotted (serum)?
stool guaiac
hemoccult
stool culture
LFTs
Correct answer is D: LFTs—liver function tests which test for the presence of enzymes and bilirubin in serum.

20. Laboratory Tests and Clinical Procedures
X-rays
Lower gastrointestinal series (barium enema)
Upper gastrointestinal series
Cholangiography
Computed tomography (CT scan)
Which test uses a contrast medium?
In a cholangiography, how does the contrast material enter the body?

21. Laboratory Tests and Clinical Procedures (cont’d)
Ultrasound Examination
abdominal ultrasonography
endoscopic ultrasonography
Magnetic Resonance Techniques
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Which test is used to examine the gallbladder?
Which test creates a scan of the liver?

22. Laboratory Tests and Clinical Procedures
Other Procedures
Gastric bypass or bariatric surgery: reduces stomach size
Gastrointestinal endoscopy: visual examination of the GI tract
Liver biopsy: removal of liver tissue
Nasogastric intubation: insertion of tube through the nose into stomach
Paracentesis (abdominocentesis): puncture to remove fluid from abdomen
Which procedure is a visual examination of the gastrointestinal tract?
Which procedure removes fluid after surgery?
Which procedure is also called gastrojejunostomy? What is this an example of? (anastomosis)
Which procedure is used to pump out stomach contents?

23. QUICK QUIZ:
5. Which procedure below is a surgical puncture to remove fluid from the abdomen?
A. laparoscopy
B. laparotomy
C. abdominectomy
D. abdominocentesis
Correct answer is D abdominocentesis—the suffix -centesis means to surgically puncture to remove fluid.

24. QUICK QUIZ:
5. Which procedure below is a surgical puncture to remove fluid from the abdomen?
A. laparoscopy
B. laparotomy
C. abdominectomy
D. abdominocentesis
Correct answer is D abdominocentesis—the suffix -centesis means to surgically puncture to remove fluid.

25. Abbreviations Alk phos: alkaline phosphatase
ALT, AST: alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase
BE: barium enema
BRBPR: bright red blood per rectum (hematochezia)
BM: bowel movement
Use three of these abbreviations in sentences.
Identify suffixes learned in this chapter.
What is the medical term for BRBPR? (hematochezia)
Which is an imaging test?
Which are laboratory tests?

26. Abbreviations (cont’d)
CT scan: computed tomography
EGD: esophagogastroduodenoscopy
ERCP: endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
EUS: endoscopic ultrasonography
GB: gallbladder
GERD: gastroesophageal reflux disease
What does tomography mean?

27. Abbreviations (cont’d)
GI: gastrointestinal
HBV: hepatitis B virus
IBD: inflammatory bowel disease
LFTs: liver function tests
Which of these abbreviations are pathologies?
What is the purpose of liver function tests?

28. Abbreviations (cont’d)
MRI: magnetic resonance imaging
NG tube: nasogastric tube
NPO: nothing by mouth
PEG tube: percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube
What is the Latin term for “nothing by mouth”?

29. Abbreviations (cont’d)
PEJ tube: percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy tube
PTHC: percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography
PUD: peptic ulcer disease
What is the difference between the PEG tube and the PEJ tube?
What are the probable locations of PUD? (stomach, duodenum)

30. Abbreviations (cont’d)
TPN: total parenteral nutrition
T tube: tube placed in the biliary tract for drainage
Which enzymes are tested to detect liver disease?
Which term describes intravenous nutrition? What is included in the formula?

31. Review Suffixes (cont’d)
-ase enzyme
-centesis surgical puncture to remove fluid
-chezia defecation; elimination of wastes
-ectasia stretching; dilation; expansion
-ectasis stretching; dilation; expansion
-ectomy removal; excision; resection
-emesis vomiting
-emia blood condition
-genesis producing; forming

32. Review Suffixes (cont’d)
-graphy process of recording
-iasis abnormal condition
-lysis breakdown; separation; destruction; loosening
-megaly enlargement
-orexia appetite
-pathy disease; emotion
-pepsia digestion
-phagia eating; swallowing

33. Review Suffixes (cont’d)
-prandial meal
-plasty surgical repair
-ptosis droop; sag; prolapse; fall
-ptysis spitting
-rrhage bursting forth (of blood)
-rrhagia bursting forth (of blood)
-rrhaphy suture
-rrhea flow; discharge

34. Review Suffixes (cont’d)
-scopy visual examination
-spasm sudden contraction of muscles
-stasis stop; control; place
-stenosis tightening; stricture
-stomy new opening (to form a mouth)
-tomy process of cutting
-tresia opening