1. Peripheral Nervous System
Part one

2. What is the peripheral Nervous System?
While the CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord, the PNS consists of the nerves extending outside of the CNS.
The purpose of the PNS is to send information to and from the brain to the rest of the body.

3. Afferent nerves vs. efferent nerves
Afferent nerves send messages back to the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord)
Efferent nerves transmit messages from the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) to the rest of the body

4. Sympathetic nerves (fight or flight)
Facilitate mobilization for quick action.
The chemical being used by the body is norepinephrine or epinephrine.
Affects the body by:
Increasing heart rate
Constriction of blood vessels
Widening airways and passages in the lungs

5. Parasympathetic nerves (feed and breed)
Direct restorative and conservative processes
Chemical being used by the body is acetylcholine
Affects the body by:
Increases movement and secretion in the gi tract
Decreases heart rate
Increases mucus production in the lungs
Dilation of blood vessels

6. Beta Receptors There are two different kinds of these in the body
B1- cardiac receptors
B2- respiratory Receptors
Epinephrine and/or Norepinephrine activate these receptors before something could happen…
Stress
Fear
Exercise

7. What happens when these beta receptors are activated?
Increase blood pressure
Increase heart rate
Beta 2
Airway dilation

8. Sympatholytic Agents also called Adrenergic Blocking Agents
Inhibit signals of norepinephrine or epinephrine
These are primarily used for treatment of hypertension and heart arrhythmias

9. Sympathomimetic Agents also known as adrenergic agents
Direct acting: mimic the effects of norepinephrine and epinephrine by combining with receptors in the sympathetic nervous system.
Indirect Acting: facilitate the release of norepinephrine or block the reuptake of norepinephrine in the nerve.

10. Examples of direct acting Sympathomimetic Agents
Drug:
Receptors it binds to:
Treatment for:
Also known as:
Phenylephrine
Alpha-1
Nasal decongestion
Clonidine (Catapress)
Alpha-2
Blood pressure
Albuterol (ProAir, Ventolin)
Beta-2
Breathing
Beta-Agonist
Levalbuterol (Xopenex)
Salmeterol (Serevent)
Asthma
These are mimicking the effects of norepinephrine and epinephrine.

11. Beta blockers also called Beta Antagonists
Beta blockers interfere with the binding to the receptor of epinephrine and other stress hormones, and weaken the effects of stress hormones, thus, mediating the “flight or fight” response.
Brand
Generic
Inderal
Propranolol
Tenormin
Atenolol
Lopressor
Metoprolol
Corgard
Nadolol
Betapace
Sotolol
Sectral
Acebutolol
Zebeta
Bisoprolol

13. Deck The Halls with Beta Blockers
-lol –lol –lol –lol…..
I’ll learn Lopressor is Metoprolol
Betapace is sotolol, sectral-Acebutolol
Deck the Halls with Beta blockers
-lol –lol –lol –lol…..
I’ll learn Tenormin is Atenolol
These are used for hypertension
And on occasion, public speaking