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LUCIANO LOSEKANN DIOGO LISBONA EDMAR DE ALMEIDA

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Presentation on theme: "LUCIANO LOSEKANN DIOGO LISBONA EDMAR DE ALMEIDA"โ€” Presentation transcript:

1 LUCIANO LOSEKANN DIOGO LISBONA EDMAR DE ALMEIDA
Competitiveness and System Value of Electricity Generation Technologies The Brazilian Case LUCIANO LOSEKANN DIOGO LISBONA EDMAR DE ALMEIDA

2 Energy Planning questions
How to compare different types of electricity generation technologies? What is the value of the electricity generated by each source?

3 Traditional answer: levelized cost of electricity โ€“ LCOE
annualized capital cost internalizing externalities ๐‹๐‚๐Ž๐„ = ๐๐ข๐ฌ๐œ๐จ๐ฎ๐ง๐ญ ๐ซ๐š๐ญ๐ž ร— ๐œ๐š๐ฉ๐ข๐ญ๐š๐ฅ ๐œ๐จ๐ฌ๐ญ๐ฌ + ๐Ÿ๐ข๐ฑ๐ž๐ ๐Ž&๐Œ ๐š๐ง๐ง๐ฎ๐š๐ฅ ๐ž๐ฑ๐ฉ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ž๐ ๐ ๐ž๐ง๐ž๐ซ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐ก๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ฌ +๐ฏ๐š๐ซ๐ข๐š๐›๐ฅ๐ž ๐Ž&๐Œ+๐Ÿ๐ฎ๐ž๐ฅ + ๐œ๐š๐ซ๐›๐จ๐ง ๐ฉ๐ซ๐ข๐œ๐ž $/MWh projected capacity factor Treats electricity as a homogeneous good (subject to single price law) Academics, policy makers, and industry actors compare different sources in terms of LCOE

4 LCOE is based on evident misconception: electricity is not a homogeneous good
It is not economically viable store electricity on a large scale Real-time balancing between supply and demand Renewable energy diffusion Electricity can be generated both through dispatchable and non- dispatchable sources (availability depends on the weather) Electricity is a heterogeneous good in space and time dimensions Value depends on โ€œwhen, where, and howโ€ it is produced Joskow (2011), Boresntein (2012), Hirth (2013), Schmalensee (2016), Finon (2016), and many others recognize that we must compare different types of technologies according to their expected generation profiles and respective market values

5 Benefit-cots analysis (LACE โ€“ LCOE) levelized avoided cost of electricity (LACE)
expected generation weighted by marginal price different time periods backup cost (LCOE of SCCT) capacity contribution for peak hours ๐‹๐€๐‚๐„= ๐ญ=๐Ÿ ๐“ ๐ฆ๐š๐ซ๐ ๐ข๐ง๐š๐ฅ ๐ ๐ž๐ง๐ž๐ซ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐ฉ๐ซ๐ข๐œ ๐ž ๐ญ ร—๐๐ข๐ฌ๐ฉ๐š๐ญ๐œ๐ก๐ž๐ ๐ก๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ ๐ฌ ๐ญ + ๐œ๐š๐ฉ๐š๐œ๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ ๐ฉ๐š๐ฒ๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐ญร—๐œ๐š๐ฉ๐š๐œ๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ ๐œ๐ซ๐ž๐๐ข๐ญ ๐š๐ง๐ง๐ฎ๐š๐ฅ ๐ž๐ฑ๐ฉ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ž๐ ๐ ๐ž๐ง๐ž๐ซ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐ก๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ฌ projected capacity factor $/MWh LACE: expected revenue from energy market + capacity market Benefit (marginal value) = avoided cost by the displacement of more costly dispatches and by avoided additional capacity reserve US EIA annually publishes estimates for several sources since 2013

6 Variable renewable energy (VRE) Avoided costs or additional (hidden) costs?
In traditional power systems (not designed for VRE), a high VRE penetration level imposes: DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM PROBLEMS (SYSTEM ADEQUACY) MERIT-ORDER EFFECT SELF-CANNIBALIZATION EFFECT STATIC EQUILIBRIUM PROBLEMS (REAL-TIME BALANCING) GRID CONSTRAINTS

7 VRE: a new protagonist Prominence imposes challenges
LOAD (GW) LOAD DURATION CURVE LOW CAPACITY CREDIT NET LOAD DURATION CURVE VARIABLE RENEWABLES DISPATCHABLE PLANTS BASELOAD REDUCTION HOURS OF ONE YEAR OVERPRODUCTION

8 From cost to value Assimilating integration costs
All sources are subject to integration cost (even if negative = benefit) It is not a market failure, but it is inherent to any kind of source In the policy debate is often suggested that once the cost of a source reaches a certain level (in relation to the wholesale average electricity price or the grid parity), this source becomes competitive This is completely misleading! Given the integration cost recognition, a certain source is never competitive โ€œad infinitumโ€ At a certain cost level, a certain AMOUNT of a source power is competitive

9 System Value Approach and the Brazilian case
The IEA advocates and spreads the system value approach in its reports The IEA has also studied the Brazilian case, BUT Neglected the comparison method deployed in centralized auctions to selected the source of new capacity

10 BRAZIL HYDRO RESERVOIRS = 212 TWh POWER CONSUMPTION TWh
SOUTHEAST/MIDWEST BRAZIL POWER CONSUMPTION TWh SOURCE: CCEE, ONS, EPE

11 High complementarity between hydro and VRE Lower Integration Costs?
SOURCE: CCEE

12 Expansion through centralized auctions
SOURCE: CCEE

13 Cost-benefit Index (ICB)
Compares and selects different sources that are contracted by "availability contracts" in the expansion auctions Thermal power (NG, coal, oil products, biomass), wind, and solar Objective: estimate future operation costs and availability costs (the cost of new capacity contracted and not dispatched in the future) ICB captures the system value of backup thermal complementation and the complementarity of VRE in face of hydro predominance Calculation depends on operation marginal cost (OMC) projected 2000 monthly hydrological series (values of OMC) Horizon of simulation: 60 months

14 Cost-benefit Index (ICB) calculation
๐‚๐Ž๐= ๐ข=๐Ÿ ๐Ÿ”๐ŸŽ ๐ฃ=๐Ÿ ๐Ÿ๐ŸŽ๐ŸŽ๐ŸŽ [๐‚๐•๐”ร—(๐†๐„๐‘ ๐‘จ ๐ข,๐’‹ โˆ’๐ˆ๐๐…๐‹๐„๐—)ร—#๐’‰๐’๐’–๐’“๐’”] ๐ขร—๐’‹ ร—๐Ÿ๐Ÿ ๐‚๐„๐‚= ๐ข=๐Ÿ ๐Ÿ”๐ŸŽ ๐ฃ=๐Ÿ ๐Ÿ๐ŸŽ๐ŸŽ๐ŸŽ [๐๐‹๐ƒร—(๐‘ฎ๐‘ญโˆ’๐†๐„๐‘ ๐‘จ ๐ข,๐’‹ )ร—#๐’‰๐’๐’–๐’“๐’”] ๐ขร—๐’‹ ร—๐Ÿ๐Ÿ = Fixed Revenue ๐ˆ๐‚๐โ‰ก ๐…๐ข๐ฑ๐ž๐ ๐‚๐จ๐ฌ๐ญ๐ฌ+๐„ ๐Ž๐ฉ๐ž๐ซ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐‚๐จ๐ฌ๐ญ๐ฌ +๐„ ๐€๐ฏ๐š๐ข๐ฅ๐š๐›๐ข๐ฅ๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ ๐‚๐จ๐ฌ๐ญ ๐Ÿ–๐Ÿ•๐Ÿ”๐ŸŽ ๐ฑ ๐๐ก๐ฒ๐ฌ๐ข๐œ๐š๐ฅ ๐†๐ฎ๐š๐ซ๐š๐ง๐ญ๐ž๐ž $/MWh estimated benefit of capacity for the future supply (reduces capacity credit by taking into account expected capacity factor)

15 Energy contracted in all expansion auctions
GWavg 36% 18% 6% 15% 46% 7% 5% 12% 22% 1% SOURCE: CCEE

16 Energy contracted in auctions with ICB
16 GWavg [Oil 33% | Hydro 30%] 10 GWavg [NG 35% | Wind 33%] GWavg SOURCE: CCEE

17 Integration Costs in Brazil backward-looking or forward-looking?
ICB is in accordance with hydrological variability favored flexible thermal power plants (low fixed cost and high variable cost) and complementary sources to hydropower (wind) But ICB is insensitive about VRE variability Does not account for short-term variability, neither the location of power plants System is changing ๏ƒจ transformations point to a new operation paradigm Loss of the hydro reservoirs regularization degree Higher annual depletion ๏ƒจ higher thermal complementation Higher penetration level of VRE (new dimension of variability) Short-term variability (cost) must be internalized Flexibility (benefit) must be recognized (pricing) FORWARD-LOOKING

18 System transformation marginal value of water (shadow electricity price) is changing
โ€œwater tankโ€ is losing importance due to load increases and stagnation of storable energy SOURCE: ONS

19 After all, what is the moral of the story?
We cannot compare different sources without taking into account integrations costs For expansion purposes, we must look to dynamic integration costs The big challenge of system value approach lies in correctly identifying, at an appropriate time, the ongoing system transformations

20 Thanks for your attention!


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