1. X-ray devices for medical radiography and security
by EVT Anlagenbau GmbH , Austria
Budker INP, Novosibirsk, Russia

2. in Budker INP together with EVT Anlagenbau GmbH
During last years the new low dose X-ray devices for medical and security applications have been developed
in Budker INP together with EVT Anlagenbau GmbH
Why we need low (micro) dose technology?
Medicine:
-situation with tuberculosis and cancer requires the mass
inspection of population (at least once per year)
-present fluorography gives very high dosesrisk of cancer!
Security:
-due to problems with terrorism the detection of dangerous
items and weapons hidden on body (and inside the body too)
is very important.
-unlike inspecting for metal items, radiographic inspection is
the only way to inspect for plastic explosive materials and
weapons.
-these devices can be used at airports, customs, prisons,
embassies, nuclear power centers, banks etc.

3. How to obtain low dose? High efficiency detector Low noise detector
Minimization the scattering radiation (scanning systems!)
High efficiency detector
Low noise detector
“Good” X-ray optic
In this case the dose will be limited only by statistics!

4. Scanning method vs 2D imaging

5. Scanning method vs 2D imaging
Advantages of scanning method
the dose ~10 times lower at same contrast (depends on thickness)
no artefacts
the image length is not limited (up to 2 m)
good image quality in whole field
big dynamic range
Disdvantages
long scanning time (3-5 s vs 0.01 sec in 2D methods)
precision mechanics
One remark: it seems in the case of scanning method an image is not sharp due to movements of internals but it is not true! The time for read out of one string is very short (<0.001 s) and image dynamically is very sharp and provide additional information for a doctor.

6. High efficency and low noise detector:
Multichannel Ionization Chamber (MIC)
Xe, Kr up to 40 bar
MIC schematic diagram:
1 – detector housing;
2 – anode plane;
3 – cathode strip plane;
4 – input diaphragm;
5 – readout electronics.
(Reticon and Indigo chips are used for readout)
length*pressure

7. Multichannel Ionization Chambers (MIC)
A few types of MIC’s have been developed for different applications
Type
Gas
P, bar
Noise,
photons
Strips, mm
#channel
Application
Status
MICm
Xe, Kr 20 3
0.1
2048
Mammogra
Lab test
MIC1024
20-40
0.4
1024
Fluorograph
Mass
product
MIC1536
0.3
1536
MIC2048
0.2
General diagnostics
MIC768 Xe
1.0
800
Security
Efficiency of MIC’s: 0.60.8

8. Recent developments Multichannel Ionization Chambers (MIC)
MIC Type Gas P, bar Noise, Strips, #channel Application Status
photon mm
MIC Xe Security Mass
product
Multichannel Photodiode+Scintilator Chambers (MPSC)
MPSC Type Noise, Strips, #channel Application Status
photon mm
MPSC General Lab
diagnostic test
MPSC Security Lab
test
Multichannel SiPM+Scintilator Chambers (SiPMC) (Photon counting)
SiPMC Type Noise, Strips, #channel Application Status
SiPMC < General Lab
diagnostic test
SiPMC < Security Lab
Z-function +Lowest dose !!!!!

9. Multichannel Ionization Chambers (MIC)
Advantages of MIC :
Low noise
Large dynamic range
High radiation resistance
Fill factor 100%
Disadvantage:
High pressure
The MIC800 for security (800 mm)

10. X-ray devices produced under BINP’s license
Fluorograph
FMC – NP –О
Russia
Fluorograph
DRC
South Korea

11. General parameters of the Fluorograph FMC – NP –О
Image dimensions , mm х 1200
Spatial resoluion , pl/m
Cotrast sensivity, %
Scanning velocity, cм/s
Dynamic range
Effective dose (chest inspection), Зv
X-ray high voltage (max), кV
Through output, person/h
Best X-ray devices (based on flat panels with collimators):
~10-20 Зv

12. Main features of the device based on BINP’s detectors
Low dose:
-mass inspections
-inspection of the pregnant women and children
-many images during treatment (dynamic of treatment)
Large image (up to 1200 mm in vertical direction)
without any distortion:
-diagnostic of the spine diseases (scoliosis) and other…
But doctors usually do not worry about dose !

13. The example of image obtained with FMC–NP–o

15. System for Radiographic Control (SRC)
Requirements

16. System for Radiographic Control
Colomne
Detector
X-ray tube .
X-ray
Motor

17. The first SRC sample “Sibscan” (2007)

18. General parameters of SRC
The permitted years dose* (in many countries) is 1000 Sv
Each passenger can pass SRC inspection many times without any trouble
*medical inspections are not included!

19. Dose Levels (Зв) 1. Medical inspections: Computer tomograph 10 000
Chest inspection
novel digital devices (flat panels)
novel film X-ray
2. Radiation background:
At 1500 m see level (per day)
At m (per hour)
3. SRC inspection <0.5

20. One of the first SRC device in Novosibirsk airport

21. Present situation in Novosibirsk airport:
3 SRC installed by MTE Technologie GmbH
70% of passengers prefer to go via SRC (without close and shoes removing!!)
Drug traffic from former south Russian’s countries stopped!!!
SRC now installed in ~15 Russian airports

22. Some “terrorist”

23. Some examples People with small luggage can go
Via SRC without any other inspection
No chance for this guy to pass metal detector!!

24. Conclusion
Few types of the X-ray detectors (based on Gas Micro Channel Chamber technology) have been developed at Budker INP together with EVT Anlagenbau GmbH
These detectors are sucsesfully used for low dose X-ray devices
for the medical and security applications