1. Bonding and Properties
S2/3 Chemistry
Bonding and Properties

2. Properties
The properties of a substance can be split into two groups

3. Properties The properties of a substance can be split into two groups
Chemical – how the substance reacts

4. Properties The properties of a substance can be split into two groups
Chemical – how the substance reacts
Physical – measurable quantity such as boiling point, colour, electrical conductivity

5. Properties
Design an experiment to test the electrical conduction of a substance.

6. Ion Model
In a solution or a molten ionic compound the electric current is a flow of ions.
In metal wires the electric current is a flow of electrons.

7. Ion Model
Solid ionic substances do not conduct electricity because their ions are held tightly together in a regular arrangement called a lattice. They cannot move.
Ionic substances are always solid at room temperature.

8. Ion Model
When the ionic substance is melted or dissolved in water the ions can then move and the substance will conduct.

9. Testing Covalent Compounds
formula
Ionic/covalent
Conduct?
ethanol
C2H5OH
propanone
C3H6O
Sugar Solution
C6H12O6
water
H2O

10. Testing Covalent Compounds
formula
Ionic/covalent
Conduct?
ethanol
C2H5OH
covalent
propanone
C3H6O
Sugar Solution
C6H12O6
water
H2O

11. Testing Covalent Compounds
formula
Ionic/covalent
Conduct?
ethanol
C2H5OH
covalent no
propanone
C3H6O
Sugar Solution
C6H12O6
water
H2O

12. Rules for Conduction
Covalent compound may be solid, liquid or gas at room temperature
Covalent compound do not conduct in any state

13. Conduction Summary
All Compounds

14. Conduction Summary
All Compounds
Ionic
Covalent

15. Conduction Summary
All Compounds
Ionic
Covalent
made of ions

16. Conduction Summary All Compounds Ionic Covalent made of ions solid
liquid
solution

17. Conduction Summary All Compounds Ionic Covalent made of ions solid
liquid
solution
Never
conducts
conducts

18. Conduction Summary All Compounds Ionic Covalent made of ions made of
molecules
network
solid
liquid
solution
Never
conducts
conducts

19. Conduction Summary All Compounds Ionic Covalent made of ions made of
molecules
network
solid
liquid
solution
solid
liquid
solution
Never
conducts
conducts

20. Conduction Summary All Compounds Ionic Covalent made of ions made of
molecules
network
solid
liquid
solution
solid
liquid
solution
Never
conducts
conducts
never conducts

21. Conduction Summary All Compounds Ionic Covalent made of ions made of
molecules
network
solid
liquid
solution
solid
liquid
solution
Never
conducts
conducts
never conducts

22. Solubility
There are no firm rules for solubility.

23. Solubility There are no firm rules for solubility.
Ionic substances can be soluble or insoluble. A list of the more common compounds is in the data book.

24. Solubility There are no firm rules for solubility.
Ionic substances can be soluble or insoluble. A list of the more common compounds is in the data book.
Covalent substances also can be soluble or insoluble.