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Chapter 1 & 2 The Spread of Civilization in Asia
Section 1 Two Golden Ages of China Section 2 The Mongol and Ming Empire
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The Tang Dynasty Reunites China
The Tang Build an Empire The first emperor was Li Yuan With the help of his son crushed all rivals and established dynasty Gave himself the name Tang Taizong as emperor Became the most admired emperor Conquered many territories Created tributary state
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The Tang Dynasty Reunites China
Govt. and Economy Grow Tang Dynasty Declines Restored a uniformed government Enlarged the civil service system Set up schools Developed new laws Instated land reform Eventually weakened Corruption, high taxes, drought and famine led to decline In 907 rebels overthrew the Tang Dynasty
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The Song Dynasty In 960 China was reunited under the Song Dynasty
Faced constant threat of invaders Chinese economy expanded Faster farming methods Built a system of canals Eventually overthrown by the Mongols
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China’s Ordered Society
The Gentry Value Education Peasants Work the Land Scholars that ran the bureaucracy Came from wealthy families Valued learning more than physical labor Lived on what they produced Drought and famine were threats Invented new tools Would sell handmade crafts for extra income Lived in self-sufficient villages Peasants could move up in society through education
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China’s Ordered Society
Merchants Have Lowest Status The Status of Women Some acquired wealth Lower than peasants Ran family affairs Boys were more valued Had to pay dowry for marriage Were considered subordinate Started the act of foot binding Helped keep women in the home
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The Tang and Song Culture
Artists Paint Harmony Architecture and Porcelain Painters captured spiritual essence Painted mountains Painted Rainforests Built pagodas Made sculptures of Buddha Perfected the porcelain process
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The Tang and Song Culture
Chinese Writing Wrote on philosophy, religion and history Poetry was the most respected form of writing Li Bo became the most famous Buddhist poet
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Mongol Army Builds and Empire
Mongols Invade China Imposed strict military order Highly trained fighters Would massacre entire cities Had problems attacking China’s walled cities Learned how to use cannons and other new weapons Mongols dominated China for over 150 years
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Mongol Army Builds and Empire
Rulers Establish Order and Peace Mongols were not oppressive People maintained lifestyles but paid tribute Ruled with toleration and justice Police helped keep the empire stable
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China Under Mongo Rule An All-Mongol Government
Only Mongols could serve in the military Highest government jobs were reserved for Mongols Used Arab architects to build churches
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China Under Mongol Rule
Marco Polo and China Outside Contact Visited during the Yuan Dynasty Spent 17 years working for the Yuan Dynasty Wrote accounts of wealth and splendor Praised the mail system Europe and Asia stayed in contact Mongols tolerated many beliefs
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The Ming Restore Chinese Rule
The Economy Grows Culture Flourishes The Ming Army was led by a peasant Conquered the Mongol ruled China Extremely productive and fertile Huge crops Revived art and literature Produced more poetry Started writing novels
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Chinese Fleets Sail the Seas
Zheng He and His Fleets Exploration Ends In 1405 Zheng He lead 62 huge ships on expeditions Explored many coasts Zheng He died in 1435 Too costly to continue exploration
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Vocabulary Tang Dynasty Dynasty that ruled China from Tang Taizong A brilliant general, government reformer, historian and master of the calligraphy brush Tributary State Self-governing states that acknowledge Chinese Supremacy Land Reform The breaking up of large land holdings and redistribution to peasants Song Dynasty Ruling dynasty of China from s Gentry Wealthy land-owning class Dowry The payment that a woman brings to a marriage Pagoda Multistoried temple with eaves that curve up at the corners Steppe Vast, treeless plains
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Vocabulary Genghis Khan “Universal Ruler” Kublai Khan Genghis Khan’s Grandson Yuan Dynasty Kublai Khan’s Dynasty Marco Polo Italian merchant that visited and wrote about China Ming Dynasty Dynasty led by Zheng He Zheng He Leader of the Ming Dynasty
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