1. biodiesel 2. ethanol 3. global warming
Unit 5 Week 2 Vocabulary
biodiesel ethanol global warming
hybrid dependence eliminate
7. encouraged minimum emit
Spelling Pattern R-controlled vowels 1. according 2. fortunately 3. stored 4. before 5. roared 6. victory 7. charted 8. start

2. biodiesel NOUN-thing
Running cars with “green” fuels such as biodiesel or ethanol may be a better choice than using fossil fuels.
Because it is manufactured from vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled restaurant greases, biodiesel fuels can be a more efficient type of fuel.
biodiesel means: a. The study of living things b. organically grown
c. A biofuel intended as a substitute for diesel
In the first sentence, biodiesel is used as an example of a ‘green’ fuel. The second sentence tells what biodiesel is by stating it is manufactured from vegetable oils, animal fats, or restaurant greases. Using the context clues, you can understand that biodiesel can be a cleaner substitute for diesel.

3. biodiesel NOUN-thing
Running cars with “green” fuels such as biodiesel or ethanol may be a better choice than using fossil fuels.
Because it is manufactured from vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled restaurant greases, biodiesel fuels can be a more efficient type of fuel.
biodiesel means: a. The study of living things b. organically grown
c. A biofuel intended as a substitute for diesel
In the first sentence, biodiesel is used as an example of a ‘green’ fuel. The second sentence tells what biodiesel is by stating it is manufactured from vegetable oils, animal fats, or restaurant greases. Using the context clues, you can understand that biodiesel can be a cleaner substitute for diesel.

4. ethanol NOUN-thing
Running cars with “green” fuels such as biodiesel or ethanol may be a better choice than using fossil fuels.
Ethanol can easily be made using plant materials such as corn and
sugar.
ethanol means: a. A type of fossil fuel
b. A fuel made from plant materials
c. An organically grown garden
The words green fuels suggest a cleaner fuel, and being a better choice than fossil fuels suggests it is renewable. The context clues in the second sentence say it can easily be made using plant materials, so you can determine that ethanol is a fuel made from plant materials.

5. ethanol NOUN-thing
Running cars with “green” fuels such as biodiesel or ethanol may be a better choice than using fossil fuels.
Ethanol can easily be made using plant materials such as corn and
sugar.
ethanol means: a. A type of fossil fuel
b. A fuel made from plant materials c. An organically grown garden
The words green fuels suggest a cleaner fuel, and being a better choice than fossil fuels suggests it is renewable. The context clues in the second sentence say it can easily be made using plant materials, so you can determine that ethanol is a fuel made from plant materials.

6. global warming NOUN-thing
They trap the sun’s heat, like a greenhouse, and raise the planet’s temperature. This is called global warming.
Global warming is causing polar ice to melt at a more rapid and alarming rate than ever before.
global warming means: a. Gradual increase in the overall temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere b. Summer temperatures
c. Covering the entire Earth
The context clues in the first sentence give the definition of global warming; “trap the sun’s heat…raise the planet’s temperature” A rise in the Earth’s temperatures would cause ice to melt in the polar regions, as suggested in the second sentence.

7. global warming NOUN-thing
They trap the sun’s heat, like a greenhouse, and raise the planet’s temperature. This is called global warming.
Global warming is causing polar ice to melt at a more rapid and alarming rate than ever before.
global warming means: a. Gradual increase in the overall temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere b. Summer temperatures
c. Covering the entire Earth
The context clues in the first sentence give the definition of global warming; “trap the sun’s heat…raise the planet’s temperature” A rise in the Earth’s temperatures would cause ice to melt in the polar regions, as suggested in the second sentence.

8. hybrid NOUN-thing
He also encouraged further development of battery-powered and hybrid cars that run on gas or batteries.
A hybrid car uses less fossil fuels such as gasoline, and more renewable fuels.
hybrid means: a. A farm animal
b. Obtaining power from the sun’s light and heat
c. A thing made by combining two different elements
In the first sentence it says, ‘hybrid cars that run on gas or batteries.” These context clues suggest they combine different elements in order to function. Using batteries, these cars would use less fossil fuels as suggested in the second sentence.

9. hybrid NOUN-thing
He also encouraged further development of battery-powered and hybrid cars that run on gas or batteries.
A hybrid car uses less fossil fuels such as gasoline, and more renewable fuels.
hybrid means: a. A farm animal
b. Obtaining power from the sun’s light and heat
c. A thing made by combining two different elements
In the first sentence it says, ‘hybrid cars that run on gas or batteries.” These context clues suggest they combine different elements in order to function. Using batteries, these cars would use less fossil fuels as suggested in the second sentence.

10. dependence NOUN-thing
Other technologies lower people’s dependence on cars.
Our daily dependence on technology can make life hard when those tools aren’t working correctly!
dependence means: a. relying on or being controlled by something else b. a fuel used to power machines c. being reliable
Using the base word depend, the context clue suggests that dependence can mean something like that such as ‘to rely on.’ When tools aren’t working correctly, it makes it difficult to complete tasks, so one could say we are relying on those tools

11. dependence NOUN-thing
Other technologies lower people’s dependence on cars.
Our daily dependence on technology can make life hard when those tools aren’t working correctly!
dependence means: a. relying on or being controlled by something else b. a fuel used to power machines c. being reliable
Using the base word depend, the context clue suggests that dependence can mean something like that such as ‘to rely on.’ When tools aren’t working correctly, it makes it difficult to complete tasks, so one could say we are relying on those tools

12. eliminate VERB-action
Walking and bicycling eliminate the need for cars and public transportation.
Cleaning my house will help eliminate bacteria that can get us sick.
eliminate means: a. to remove something completely b. A type of toy c. garbage
If you are walking or bicycling, you would remove the need for cars and public transportation. Bacteria that can get you sick would be something you want to remove completely in order to stay healthy.

13. eliminate VERB-action
Walking and bicycling eliminate the need for cars and public transportation.
Cleaning my house will help eliminate bacteria that can get us sick.
eliminate means: a. to remove something completely b. A type of toy c. garbage
If you are walking or bicycling, you would remove the need for cars and public transportation. Bacteria that can get you sick would be something you want to remove completely in order to stay healthy.

14. emit VERB-action They also emit fewer greenhouse gases.
The garbage was emitting an odor that was almost unbearable.
emit means: a. used to hold hot plates or pans b. to produce or send out
c. tool used for catching
In the first sentence, the words “greenhouse gases” suggest that emit has something to do with what is in the air. Garbage is a source for foul odors, suggesting that the garbage is producing an unbearable odor.

15. emit VERB-action They also emit fewer greenhouse gases.
The garbage was emitting an odor that was almost unbearable.
emit means: a. used to hold hot plates or pans b. to produce or send out
c. tool used for catching
In the first sentence, the words “greenhouse gases” suggest that emit has something to do with what is in the air. Garbage is a source for foul odors, suggesting that the garbage is producing an unbearable odor.

16. encouraged VERB-action
They, too, want to combat congestion and encourage the use of public transportation.
At the baseball game, the crowd cheered and encouraged our team to do well.
encouraged means: a. a conversation b. Telling on someone
c. To persuade or give hope to someone
When you want to combat something, it means you want to work against it, or do away with it, so the context clues in the first sentence use this antonym to suggest encourage means the opposite or to persuade someone to do something else. When you are cheering your team on, you try to give hope to the team.

17. encouraged VERB-action
They, too, want to combat congestion and encourage the use of public transportation.
At the baseball game, the crowd cheered and encouraged our team to do well.
encouraged means: a. a conversation b. Telling on someone
c. To persuade or give hope to someone
When you want to combat something, it means you want to work against it, or do away with it, so the context clues in the first sentence use this antonym to suggest encourage means the opposite or to persuade someone to do something else. When you are cheering your team on, you try to give hope to the team.

18. minimum ADJECTIVE-describes
He called for a new minimum gas mileage standard of 87.7 kmhp (54.5 mph) by 2025.
I was so excited when I finally reached the minimum height requirement and got to ride the rollercoaster.
minimum means: a. an amusement park b. the smallest amount possible
c. something false
For safety reasons, many rides have minimum height requirements. While a rider may be taller, the minimum is the smallest amount possible a rider must be before they can ride. A minimum gas standard would be the smallest amount of miles a car can drive before needing to fill up again.

19. minimum ADJECTIVE-describes
He called for a new minimum gas mileage standard of 87.7 kmhp (54.5 mph) by 2025.
I was so excited when I finally reached the minimum height requirement and got to ride the rollercoaster.
minimum means: a. an amusement park b. the smallest amount possible
c. something false
For safety reasons, many rides have minimum height requirements. While a rider may be taller, the minimum is the smallest amount possible a rider must be before they can ride. A minimum gas standard would be the smallest amount of miles a car can drive before needing to fill up again.

20. SPELLING PATTERN R-controlled vowels
WORD
Meaning
EXAMPLE SENTENCE
according
as stated by or in
According to the news report, it will rain later today.
fortunately
having good fortune, resulting favorably
Fortunately, I brought an umbrella with me.
stored
kept or accumulated for future use
The first-aid kit is stored in the trunk of the car.
before
the period of time preceding
We were happier before the new rules went into effect.
roared
full, deep, prolonged sound made by an animal
The lion roared louder than any animal I had ever heard before.
victory
defeating an enemy or opponent in battle, game, or other competition
The soccer team enjoyed a victory during last week’s game.
charted
record progress, data, or development
If you charted information, it should be organized.
start
to begin
We can start our walk when you are ready.