1. BIOELECTRONICS 1 Lec3: BIOSENSOR Dr. Eng. Hani Kasban Mahmoud 2017
6 October University
Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences
Department of Biomedical equipment and systems
Lec3: BIOSENSOR By
Dr. Eng. Hani Kasban Mahmoud
2017
BIOELECTRONICS 1

2. CHAPTER 2
BIOSENSOR
Author : Dr. Eng. Hani Kasban A. Mahmoud / 2017

3. What is Biosensor?
Any device that analyzes a biological compound into a measurable signal
Composed of :
Bioreceptor,
Transducer
Electronic peripheral
Author : Dr. Eng. Hani Kasban A. Mahmoud / 2017

4. + Fast, reliable, remote readout
Electronic sensors
+ Fast, reliable, remote readout
+ More sensitive and versatile, at the current state of technology
- Electronic waste in the environment
Biosensors
+ Fast, in situ readout
- More difficult to develop for each analyte
- More sensitive to environmental stressors
Author : Dr. Eng. Hani Kasban A. Mahmoud / 2017

5. Components of a Biosensor
Detector
Author : Dr. Eng. Hani Kasban A. Mahmoud / 2017

6. Introduction to Biosensors
A biosensor is an analytical device which is used to determine the presence and concentration of a specific substance in a biological analyte
Desired molecule
Signal Processing
Bioreceptor
Transducer
Display
Biosample
Biosensor
Author : Dr. Eng. Hani Kasban A. Mahmoud / 2017

7. Introduction to Biosensors
Bioreceptor
Transducer
Absorption
Fluorescence
Antibody
Optical
Interference
potentiometric
Enzyme
Electrochemical
amperometric
conductimetric
Nucleic Acid (DNA)
Mass based
Cell
Temperature based
Dielectric properties
Electric & Magnetic
Permeability properties
MIP
Voltage or Current
Author : Dr. Eng. Hani Kasban A. Mahmoud / 2017

8. Composition of Biosensors
Bioreceptor: Part of device that interacts with a biological material to identify and interact with a target molecule
Transducer: Part of the device that turns the target molecule into a measured signal
Electronic Peripheral: Turns the measured signal into a graphical user interface (GUI) utilizing microprocessors
Enzymes, Antibodies, or nucleic acids.
Piezoelectric, Thermal, Electrochemical, and Optical
LED Display
Author : Dr. Eng. Hani Kasban A. Mahmoud / 2017

9. Father of the Biosensor
Professor Leland C Clark Jnr 1918–2005
Author : Dr. Eng. Hani Kasban A. Mahmoud / 2017

10. Application of Biosensor
Food Analysis
Study of biomolecules and their interaction
Drug Development
Crime detection
Medical diagnosis (both clinical and laboratory use)
Environmental field monitoring
Quality control
Industrial Process Control
Detection systems for biological warfare agents
Manufacturing of pharmaceuticals and replacement
organs
Author : Dr. Eng. Hani Kasban A. Mahmoud / 2017

11. Basic Characteristics of a Biosensor
Accuracy: refers to the degree of conformity between the measurand and the standard. It can be calculated using the difference between the true value and the measured value divided by the true value.
Precision: refers to the exactness of successive measurements, also sometimes considered the degree of refinement of measurement.
Good Accuracy, Good Precision
Good Accuracy, Poor Precision
Poor Accuracy, Good Precision
Poor Accuracy, Poor Precision
Author : Dr. Eng. Hani Kasban A. Mahmoud / 2017

12. Accuracy without Precision Accuracy & Precision
No Precision & No Accuracy
Precision without Accuracy
Author : Dr. Eng. Hani Kasban A. Mahmoud / 2017

13. Basic Characteristics of a Biosensor
Resolution: It refers to the degree to which the measurand can be broken into identifiable adjacent parts.
Reproducibility: The ability of an instrument to give the same output for equal inputs applied over some period of time.
Statistical Control: It ensures ensures that random variations in measured quantities that result from all factors that influence the measurement process is tolerable.
Static Sensitivity: Static Sensitivity of instrument or system is the ratio of the incremental output quantity to the incremental input quantity.
Author : Dr. Eng. Hani Kasban A. Mahmoud / 2017

14. Basic Characteristics of a Biosensor
Zero Drift: It occurs when all the output values increase or decrease by the same absolute amount.
Linearity:
Author : Dr. Eng. Hani Kasban A. Mahmoud / 2017

15. Basic Characteristics of a Biosensor
Input Ranges: The normal linear operating range specifies the maximal or near maximal inputs that give linear outputs.
Input Impedance: It is the ratio of the phasor equivalent of a steady-state sinusoidal effort input variable (voltage, force, pressure) to the phasor equivalent of a steady-state sinusoidal flow input
variable (current, velocity, flow).
Author : Dr. Eng. Hani Kasban A. Mahmoud / 2017

16. Example of biosensors Pregnancy test
Detects the hCG protein in urine.
Glucose monitoring device (for diabetes patients)
Monitors the glucose level in the blood.
Author : Dr. Eng. Hani Kasban A. Mahmoud / 2017

17. Research Biosensors Biacore Biosensor platform
Author : Dr. Eng. Hani Kasban A. Mahmoud / 2017

18. Types of Biosensors Calorimetric Biosensor (thermometric )
Potentiometric Biosensor
Amperometric Biosensor
Optical Biosensor
Piezo-electric Biosensor
Author : Dr. Eng. Hani Kasban A. Mahmoud / 2017

19. Author : Dr. Eng. Hani Kasban A. Mahmoud / 2017

20. 1- Calorimetric Biosensors
Principles Theory
1- Every enzyme catalysed reactions are exothermic, generating heat as
Reactant
Enzyme
Heat output H (kJ mole-1)
Cholesterol
Cholesterol oxidase 53
Esters
Chymotrypsin
4 - 16
Glucose
Glucose oxidase 80
Hydrogen peroxide
Catalase
100
Penicillin G
Penicillinase 67
Peptides
Trypsin
Starch
Amylase 8
Sucrose
Invertase 20
Urea
Urease 61
Uric acid
Uricase 49
2- The heat are measured using thermostate and, hence, the analyte concentration
Author : Dr. Eng. Hani Kasban A. Mahmoud / 2017

21. 1- Calorimetric Biosensors
How it works
1- The sample stream (a) passes through the outer insulated box (b) to the heat exchanger (c) within an aluminium block (d).
2- From there, it flows past the reference thermistor (e) and into the packed bed bioreactor (f), containing the biocatalyst, where the reaction occurs.
3- The change in temperature is determined by the thermistor (g) and the solution passed to waste (h). External electronics (l) determines the difference in the resistance, and hence temperature, between the thermistors.
Author : Dr. Eng. Hani Kasban A. Mahmoud / 2017

22. 1- Calorimetric Biosensors
The thermistors, used to detect the temperature change, function by changing their electrical resistance with the temperature,
        
where R1 and R2 are the resistances of the thermistors at absolute temperatures T1 and T2 respectively and B is a characteristic temperature constant for the thermistor.
When the temperature change is very small B[(1/T1) - (1/T2)] is very much smaller than one
when x<<1 that ex=1+x
Author : Dr. Eng. Hani Kasban A. Mahmoud / 2017

23. 1- Calorimetric Biosensors
∆R=R1-R2
∆T=T1-TT2
Author : Dr. Eng. Hani Kasban A. Mahmoud / 2017

24. Many thanks
Dr. Eng. Hani Kasban
Questions?????