1. The Community of Practices ‘‘ Concept Applied to Rice Production in the Mekong Region: Quick Conversion of Popular Rice Varieties with Emphasis on Drought, Salinity and Grain Quality Improvement’’
Cambodian
Title: Improvement of Cooking Quality of a Drought Resistant Rice Variety CAR3

2. Introduction
Rice production in Cambodia relies heavily on the rainfed lowland ecosystem, which accounts for 86%.
rainfall dramatically affects the rice productivities.
Drought can be recognized as a main constraint to increasing in rice production with can cause yield loss up to 50% (Ouk et al., 2001).
Although, cooking quality always requite for people since the surpluses of rice production was existed since 1995 (Mak, 1999).
on the above the goal is improve rice production, yield with tolerant (abiotic stress), resistant (biotic stress) and fragrance coking quality.
Expectation:
For increase the rice production in Cambodia with high yield and good cooking quality of drought resistant.

3. Objective
The Cambodian study focus on improving cooking quality in the drought background rice variety using marker assist selection.
Materials and methods
CAR3 is considered as a drought tolerance variety, used as recipient in the cross.
Phkar Rumduol (PRD), is recognize as good cooking quality rice which carry the aromatic scents, medium amylose content, low gelatinization temperature and has long gel consistency (CARDI,2000), used as donor in the scheme and MAS selection are presented in Fig 1

4. 4 lines were selected (57, 61, 68 and 105)
Fig.1. Breeding Scheme and MAS selection in improving cooking quality of a drought resistant rice variety CAR3
BC3F1
BC3F2
F1 x CAR3
BC1F1 x CAR3
BC2F1
BC2F2
MAS
BC2F4
BC2F3 RF
CARDI
GCP
Nov. 2007
May. 2008
Oct. 2008
May. 2007
BC3F3
CAR3 x PRD
May, 2007
MAS, 125 BC2F4 plant, BADH, RM587, RM589
5 lines selected (21, 37, 38, 39 and 103)
Nov, 2007
MAS, 94 BC3F1 plants, BADH, RM587, RM589
4 lines were selected (57, 61, 68 and 105)
May, 2008
MAS, 484 BC3F2 plants, BADH, RM587, RM589
15 homozygous lines with all markers selected (16, 51, 66, 119, 150, 172, 200, 272, 279, 344, 357, 361, 377 and 442)
Sep, 2008 to Feb, 2009
Screening of improvement of cooking quality of drought resistance in CARDI

5. table 4 : 15 homozygous PRD plants (for all markers)No
DNA No
Designation
BADH
RM587
RM589 1 16
CIR
57-16 2 51
57-51 3 66
57-66 4
119
57-119 5
150
57-150 6
172
CIR
61-20 7
200
CIR
68-27 8
209
68-36 9
272
68-99 10
279
68-106 11
344
68-171 12
357
CIR
105-1 13
361
105-5 14
377
105-21 15
442
105-86

6. Cooking Quality Test Designation No Aroma GC 1 CIR 808-6-2-5- 57-16 284
57-51 67 3
57-66 70 4
57-119 82 5
57-150 86 6
CIR
61-20 81 7
CIR
68-27 85 8
68-36 80 9
68-99 10
68-106 75 11
68-171 76 12
CIR
105-1 72 13
105-5 68 14
105-21 71 15
105-86 73
PRD 83
CAR3 61

7. Field screening of cooking quality of Drought Resistant, 10 lines Table 5 : Result Data Collected
Mean
LSD 5%
Prob CV No
Trait
Irrigated
Drained 1 DF 89
12.09
10.36 **
6.8
5.8 2 PH
90.19
76.85
8.54
11.78 ns
4.7
7.6 3 TN
4.43
3.82
1.60
1.06 18
13.8 4 PL
21.38
20.08
2.68
2.11
6.2
5.2 5 FG
81.54
50.06
32.96
23.83 *
20.1
23.7 6 UG
22.59
31.06
15.23
19.36
33.5 31 7
GW100
2.54
2.25
0.22
0.28
4.3
6.1 8 BM
1.26
0.64
0.45
0.25
17.9 19 9 GY
0.15
0.03
0.02
8.6
18.4 10
DTM
119
5.1 11 LD
30.1 12 LR
5.16
3.43 33

8. Comment Project
For this project allow me and other breeders to understand more over our knowledge that we have, such as :
the modern breeding program using by MAS, provided the basic vital information for rice breeder to apply in modern breeding program.
help the people that have countries bounding in the Mekong River know clearly about the rice problem especially rice production and yield relate to MAS.
MAS of rice breeding, is the modern of era, it also expected that the super rice of Cambodia with good cooking quality could be developed in the near future using gene pyramiding concept.
We hope so this or other project will be have training activities to build ability, new knowledge for the developing counties to cut down food securities and increase the modern technology.

9. Work Plan for Future Seed increase 15 homozygous lines at CARDI
Field screening drought tolerance again with 15 homozygous lines in 2009 at CARDI.
Field evaluation in multi-locations.
Cooking quality test.

10. Conclusion
MAS method provides high accuracy and efficiency in detecting traits of interest, Based on the polymorphism of the 3 markers (BADH, RM587 and RM589) used, 10 homozygous lines for PRD were selected
The are 5 lines (1, 4, 5, 7, 9) have GC lower then PRD , 2 lines (6, 8) similar and 8 lines (2, 3, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15) worst.
For the aroma have 11 lines (1, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, & 15) strong aroma like PRD and 4 lines (2, 3, 5, & 6) medium.
Base on the screened,
- Drained: leaf drying similar CAR3 have 5 lines (2, 6, 7, 8, 10)
and Grain yield that best have 4 lines (1, 2, 8, and 9).
- Irrigated: best grain yield have 6 lines (1, 2, 5, 6, 7 & 10).
After finished this program, we expect that the super rice of Cambodia with good cooking quality of drought resistant could be developed in the near future using gene pyramiding concept.

11. Acknowledgements On behalf of institute (CARDI), I wish to thanks
Dr MEN Sarom and Dr OUK Makara, director of Cambodia Agriculture Research and Development Institute.
Dr Apichart Vanavichit, Dr Teerayuth Toojinda and Dr Jonaliza Siangliw , Rice Genes Discovery Unit.
That for giving me the opportunity to attend the training program on MAS and Sincerely thanks to all staff of RGDU.
Highly appreciate to the Generation Challenge Program (GCP) and the National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of Thailand (BIOTEC) for supporting this training program.

12. Thank You