1. FIGHT or FLIGHT  SKELETAL MUSCLE
1. _____________
2.______________
3.______________
usually have the formula
CARBOHYDRATES
often end
in the suffix
made up of simple
building blocks called
examples in
foods include
used in plants
& animals for
2 covalently linked via a
dehydration reaction yield a
1. ____________ = GLU + ___________ = FRUIT SUGAR
2.____________ = GLU + ___________ = DAIRY SUGAR
3.____________ = GLU + __________ = BREWING SUGAR
the
“sweetest”
one is
the “preferred”
one by all cells is
examples in foods include
MANY covalently
linked via
dehydration
reactions yield
USED BY
ALL CELLS
FOR ATP!
PRIMARILY
metabolized
by the:
1. _____________
2._____________
ENERGY STORAGE
STRUCTURE
TOO MUCH
ASSOCIATED
WITH AN
INCREASED
RISK OF :
ANIMALS
PLANTS
PLANTS
ANIMALS
found in
INSECT & CRUSTACEAN SHELLS;
known as:
found in cell walls;
also known as:
1. _____________
2._____________
same
structure
released in response
to the hormones:
80% of flour
BRANCHED STRUCTURE
20% of flour
LINEAR STRUCTURE
contains
the
linkage:
AND
MADE UP OF THE SUBUNITS:
contains the
linkages:
contains the
linkage:
contains the
linkages:
FIGHT or FLIGHT  SKELETAL MUSCLE OR
HYDROLYZED BY
ENZYMES PRODUCED
BY RUMINANT
BACTERIA!
AND
MAY PLAY ROLE IN DECREASING OSTEOARTHRITIS!
UNDIGESTABLE
TO HUMANS!
LOW [GLUCOSE}  LIVER

2. FIGHT or FLIGHT  SKELETAL MUSCLE
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
(CH2O)n
usually have the formula
CARBOHYDRATES
often end
in the suffix
-ose
made up of simple
building blocks called
examples in
foods include
Quick energy
monosaccharides
used in plants
& animals for
2 covalently linked via a
dehydration reaction yield a
1. ____________ = GLU + ___________ = FRUIT SUGAR
2.____________ = GLU + ___________ = DAIRY SUGAR
3.____________ = GLU + __________ = BREWING SUGAR
the
“sweetest”
one is
the “preferred”
one by all cells is
disaccharides!
Sucrose
Fructose
examples in foods include
MANY covalently
linked via
dehydration
reactions yield
Fructose
Glucose
Lactose
Lactose
USED BY
ALL CELLS
FOR ATP!
Maltose
Glucose
PRIMARILY
metabolized
by the:
POLYSACCHARIDES
1. Liver
2. Skeletal Muscle
ENERGY STORAGE
STRUCTURE
TOO MUCH
ASSOCIATED
WITH AN
INCREASED
RISK OF :
ANIMALS
PLANTS
PLANTS
ANIMALS
found in
INSECT & CRUSTACEAN SHELLS;
known as:
found in cell walls;
also known as:
GLYCOGEN
Type II Diabetes
Cardiovascular Disease
STARCH
same
structure
released in response
to the hormones:
CELLULOSE
80% of flour
BRANCHED STRUCTURE
20% of flour
LINEAR STRUCTURE
CHITIN
contains
the
linkage:
Amylopectin
Amylose
AND
Epinephrine
MADE UP OF THE SUBUNITS:
contains the
linkages:
β 14
&
H bonds
contains the
linkage:
contains the
linkages:
Glucosamine
FIGHT or FLIGHT  SKELETAL MUSCLE OR
α 14
α 14
HYDROLYZED BY
ENZYMES PRODUCED
BY RUMINANT
BACTERIA!
Glucagon
AND
MAY PLAY ROLE IN DECREASING OSTEOARTHRITIS!
UNDIGESTABLE
TO HUMANS!
α 16
LOW [GLUCOSE}  LIVER

3. References
Biochemistry of Carbohydrates: Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry Book (2000) by David L. Nelson Role of Fructose in Type II Diabetes Pathogenesis: Johnson, Richard J., et al. "Sugar, uric acid, and the etiology of diabetes and obesity." Diabetes (2013): Astrid Kolderup and Birger Svihus, “Fructose Metabolism and Relation to Atherosclerosis, Type 2 Diabetes, and Obesity,” Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, vol. 2015, Article ID , 12 pages, doi: /2015/ Role of Glucosamine on Osteoarthritis: McCarty, M. F. "Enhanced synovial production of hyaluronic acid may explain rapid clinical response to high-dose glucosamine in osteoarthritis." Medical hypotheses 50.6 (1998):