1. On The
Ocean Floor

2. Beach A beach is a sandy or gravelly part of the shore
of the sea or of a lake.

3. Sand Dune
A hill or ridge
of sand piled
up by the
wind is a
sand dune.

4. Gravity
Gravity is a force that
pulls all objects toward
each other.

5. Tides Tides are the daily changes in the local water level of
the ocean.

6. Continental Shelves This is the ocean floor of the shore
zone (the place
where land
and ocean
meet).

7. Continental Shelf All around the edge of the
world’s continents, the land
slants down and is covered by
ocean water. This underwater
land is called the continental
shelf.

8. Surface Current A surface current is an ocean current formed
when steady
winds blow over
the surface of
the ocean.

9. Wave
A wave is an
up and down
movement
of water.

10. Storm Surge This is a very large series of waves caused by high winds
over a large area of ocean.

11. Mid-Ocean Ridge This is a vast chain of mountains that runs along
centers of
Earth’s oceans.

12. Plateau A plateau is a flat area of land that is raised much
higher than the surrounding
area.

13. Fault
A fault is a break
in the Earth’s
crust.

14. Canyon A deep valley with steep sides, often with a stream flowing
through it is a canyon.

15. Ice Cap An ice cap is a thick cover of ice over an area, sloping in
all directions from the
center.

16. Tsunami A tsunami is an unusually large sea wave produced by
a seaquake or
undersea volcanic
earthquake.

17. Let’s Read!
We are going to read
and discuss TB
pp.D40– D45 now.

18. The Movements of Oceans
Movement Types
Waves
Tides
Currents
Surface Currents
Deep-Ocean Currents

19. How do water waves change a shoreline?
shoreline by erosion (the
carrying away of sediments)
and deposition (the dropping
of sediments).

20. What causes deep ocean currents?
Water density differences
due to differences in
temperatures or saltiness
cause deep ocean
currents.

21. Let’s Read!
We are going to
read and discuss
TB pp. D48– D53 now.

22. How is the ocean floor like the Earth’s surface?
Both have a variety of
landforms, such as plains,
mountains, and canyons.

23. What are some of the products of the shore zone?
Fish
Salts
Rocks
Oil

24. Ocean Facts The oceans of the world are all
connected. Together they form one world
ocean.
There is more water than land on Earth.
Oceans cover almost ¾ of the planet!
Much of the salt in the ocean water
comes from rocks. When rocks are worn
down by water, the salt from them goes
into the water.

25. Ocean Facts
Sand is formed when rocks break apart and crumble into bits. Each grain of sand is really a tiny piece of rock or shell.
When the water near the shore rises and gets deep, it is called a high tide. When the water falls and gets shallow, it is low tide.
Tides are caused mostly by the pull of the moon’s gravity on the earth and its oceans.

26. Ocean Facts Most of the waves we see are caused by
the wind. The stronger the wind, the bigger
the waves.
Is the ocean floor really flat? Flat plains
cover much of the ocean floor, but not all of
it. The deepest valleys and the tallest
mountains on earth are found under the
ocean.
Why can’t plants grow on the deep ocean
floor? Plants need light to grow. It is too
dark for plant life on the ocean bottom.

27. Ocean Facts Parts of the ocean flow like rivers. These
moving areas are called ocean currents.
Big waves “break” near the ocean shore
because in shallow water, the ocean
bottom drags on the lower part of the
wave and slows it down. The upper part
keeps going fast, so it falls over, or breaks.