1. Classification
A. We study the diversity of life by naming and grouping organisms
B. Taxonomy:
The branch of biology that deals with classifying and naming
organisms.

2. “King Phillip Came Over For Good Spaghetti”
C. Classification Systems:
1. Very early systems classified life into 2 groups:
plants and animals
2. Carl Linnaeus (1700s):
a) Developed a 7-component system
Kingdom
Phylum
Yes, that’s right…
Class
Order
Well hello….
Family
Genus
Species
“King Phillip Came Over For Good Spaghetti”

3. Coelenterata
(Jellyfish)
Annelida
(Earthworms)
Porifera
(Sponges)
Arthropoda
(Insects)
Mollusca
(Snails, Clams)
Nematoda
(Roundworms)
Platyhelminthes
(Flatworms)
Echinodermata
(Sea Stars, Urchins)

5. Felis domesticus b) Developed Binomial nomenclature
Two-part Latin name for a species
The first part indicates the organism’s genus (capitalized)
The second part indicates the organism’s species (lowercase)
Both words must be italicized or underlined.
Man, I am one sweet
Homo sapien…
Felis domesticus

6. Pinus virginiana
(Virginia pine)
Didelphis virginiana
(Virginia opossum)

7. 3. Three Major Domains (before kingdom level)
a) Bacteria:
unicellular
Prokaryotic (no nucleus)
cell walls
Live in diverse environments
b) Archaea
unicellular
Prokaryotic (no nucleus)
cell walls
Live in extreme environments (high temp., pressure, salinity)
c) Eukarya
unicellular and multicellular
Eukaryotic (true nucleus)
some have cell walls
Live in diverse environments

8. D. Organisms have been classified using various characteristics:
1. Structural:
Shape, form, use of structures
2. Biochemical:
DNA, RNA, proteins
3. Cytological:
Cell structures, number of chromosomes
4. Embryological:
Developmental stages

9. 5. Evolutionary Relationships
A. Phylogeny: The study of evolutionary history and relationships
B. Phylogenic Tree (a.k.a. cladogram): diagram of relationships
Ex.
Common
Ancestor
Past
Present
Termites Roaches Mantids
* As organisms evolve,
they develop new traits,
called derived traits, that
are used to determine when
lineages split (new species).

10. FUN COLORS E. Dichotomous (Taxonomic) Key:
1. Series of paired statements that describe the
physical characteristics of different organisms
2. Leads the researcher to the classification (genus & species) of an “unknown” organism.
FUN COLORS

11. 1a) Teacher is female……………...………Go to 2
1b) Teacher is male……………...…………Go to 6
2a) Blonde……………………….………….Go to 3
2b) Brunette…………………….…………. Go to 4
3a) Forensics-lover…………..Channis bermudus
3b) Yearbook nerd……………………Kristis finlus
4a) Your biology teacher……..Mindis schwartzus
4b) Not your biology teacher…………..….Go to 5
5a) Very smart……………....Christinus perinellis
5b) Smartest woman alive……..Dorus deangelis
6a) Dark hair………………………………..Go to 7
6b) Light hair……………………………..…Go to 9
7a) Dot over right eye…………….Coachis painus
7b) No dot over right eye…..………………Go to 8
8a) Tree-hugging hippie……………..Stevis finkis
8b) Doesn’t hug trees…………….Jimmus abdalis
9a) Ginger……………………….Timis schwalmus
9b) Silver fox……………………..Docus rachellus