1. Animal Diversity
- Reptiles and Mammals -

2. Amniote Egg Amnionic sac – protects embryo
Allantois – disposal sac for embryonic waste, works with chorion in gas exchange
Chorion – with membrane of the allantois exchanges O2 and CO2 with the air
Yolk sac – storage and transfer of nutrients to developing embryo

4. Chordata - Chordate evolution - Vertebrates - craniates with a backbone
Jawed vertebrates - Gnathostomes - Tetrapoda - Reptilia
Reptiles
development of a scaly skin to prevent water loss
development of the amniote egg which doesn’t have to be laid in the water

6. The Reptiles
Testudines – turtles and tortoises

7. The Reptiles
Testudines – turtles and tortoises
-distinctive feature – shell (carapace)
- made of fused dermal plates

8. The Reptiles
Crocodilia– alligators and crocodiles

10. The Reptiles
Squamata – lizards and snakes

11. The Reptiles
Squamata – lizards and snakes
-most modified – snakes – loss of limbs and girdles

12. The Reptiles
Tuataras

14. Chordata - Chordate evolution - Vertebrates - craniates with a backbone
Jawed vertebrates - Gnathostomes - Tetrapoda - Aves
The Birds
evolved from a line of dinosaurs
Major advance - flight

15. Bird Origins

16. Bird Origins

17. Chordata - Chordate evolution - Vertebrates - craniates with a backbone
Jawed vertebrates - Gnathostomes - Tetrapoda - Aves
The Birds -Adaptations for flight
Hollow bones
Wings
Feathers

18. Chordata - Chordate evolution - Vertebrates - craniates with a backbone
Jawed vertebrates - Gnathostomes - Tetrapoda - Aves
The Birds -Adaptations for flight
Air sacs

19. Chordata - Chordate evolution - Vertebrates - craniates with a backbone
Jawed vertebrates - Gnathostomes - Tetrapoda - Aves
The Birds -Adaptations for flight
Keeled sternum
-for the attachment
of large flight muscles

21. Chordata - Chordate evolution - Vertebrates - craniates with a backbone
Jawed vertebrates - Gnathostomes - Tetrapoda - Mammalia
Mammalia
- the only tetrapods with amniotic eggs and hair and milk production
Three main groups
Montremes - egg laying mammals
2. Marsupials - young develop in a pouch outside the mothers body
3. Eutherians (Placentals) - young stay inside the mother’s body until birth and are nourished via the placenta

22. Origins of Mammals
Reptiles - Therapsids

23. Chordata - Chordate evolution - Vertebrates - craniates with a backbone
Mammalia
Montremes - egg laying mammals
Echidna
Platypus

24. Chordata - Chordate evolution - Vertebrates - craniates with a backbone
Mammalia
2. Marsupials

25. Chordata - Chordate evolution - Vertebrates - craniates with a backbone
Mammalia
2. Marsupials

26. Chordata - Chordate evolution - Vertebrates - craniates with a backbone
Mammalia
2. Eutherians

27. Chordata - Chordate evolution - Vertebrates - craniates with a backbone
Mammalia
2. Eutherians
Characterized by the presence of a placenta
Placenta

28. Chordata - Chordate evolution - Vertebrates - craniates with a backbone
Mammalia
2. Eutherians
allantois

29. Taxa we have looked at so far
Phylum
Class
Order
Porifera
Calcarea
Demospongia
Hexactinellida
Platyhelminthes
Turbellaria (free-living)
Trematoda (flukes)
Cestoda (tapeworms)
Mollusca
Polyplacophora (chitons)
Gastropoda (snails,slugs)
Bivalvia (clams, oysters)
Cephalopoda (octopus, squid)
Annelida
Oligochaeta (earthworms)
Hirudinea (leeches)
Polychaeta (marine worms)
Arthropoda
Chelicerata (spiders, mites, scorpions)
Myriapoda (centipedes, millipedes)
Uniramia (insects)
Crustacea (crayfish, lobsters, crabs, barnacles)

30. Taxa we have looked at so far
Phylum
Class
Order
Echinodermata
Asteroidea (Sea stars [=starfish])
Echinoidea (sea urchins, sand dollars)
Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers
Cephalochordata
Urochordata
Chordata
Agnatha (jawless vertebrates)
Chondrichthyes
Actinopterygii (fish)
Amphibia (frogs, toads, salamanders)
Urodela
Gymnophiona
Salientia
Reptilia
Testudines
Crocodilia
Tuaratara
Aves
Squamata
Mammalia
Monotremata
Marsupialia
Eutheria

31. ALL DONE!