1. General Zoology Unit Four

3. Annelida Eukaryotic, eumetazoans, protostomes
Triploblastic, eucoelomates
Bilaterally symmetrical (cephalization)
Exhibit metamerism
Hydrostatic skeleton
Complete digestive tract
Closed circulatory system
Respiration by gills, skin or parapodia
Well developed nervous system & sense organs

4. Annelida Excretion by paired metanephridia
Chitinous setae in all but the leeches
Sexual reproduction, monoecious & dioecious

5. Annelid Taxonomy Kingdom - Animalia Phylum - Annelida
Class – Polychaeta (marine worms)
Ex. – Nereis, Aphrodita
Class – Oligochaeta (earthworms)
Ex. – Lumbricus
Class – Hirudinea (leeches)
Ex. – Hirudo

6. Definitions Metamere – a repeating body segment
Metamerism – the division of the body into a series of similar segments, each containing repeating arrangements of organs and systems
Somite – a term that is synonymous with metamere

11. Filter feeding with radioles Detritus feeding with tentacles
Polychaetes
Active predator
Detritus feeding with tentacles

12. Oligochaetes Hirudineans
Detritus feeding with pumping pharynx
Predators,detritus & fluid feeding with proboscis or cutting plates
Hirudineans

13. Annelid Reproductive Differences
Dioecious
No permanent sex organs
No clitellum
External fertilization
Polychaetes

14. Annelid Reproductive Differences
Monoecious
Permanent sex organs
Permanent clitellum
Internal fertilization
Oligochaetes

15. Annelid Reproductive Differences
Monoecious
Permanent sex organs
Temporary clitellum
Internal fertilization
Hirudineans

16. Go for it!!

18. Arthropoda Eukaryotic, eumetazoans, protostomes
Triploblastic, eucoelomates
Bilaterally symmetrical (advanced cephalization)
Advanced metamerism resulting in tagmata
Highly adaptable jointed appendages
Highly adaptable exoskeleton and complex muscle system
Open circulatory system
Complete digestive tract

19. Arthropoda
Respiration by gills, book gills, book lungs, body surface, and tracheae
Well developed nervous system with complex sense organs
Excretion through coxal, antennal and maxillary glands, and Malpighian tubules
Sexual reproduction – dioecious, internal fertilizers, most exhibiting metamorphosis

20. Found on land, in the air and fresh and marine waters
Over 1.2 million extant species
Found from polar to tropical regions and in the bodies of other organisms
Arthropoda Ecology

21. Arthropod Taxonomy Kingdom - Animalia Phylum - Arthropoda
Subphylum - Trilobita (all extinct)
Subphylum - Chelicerata
Class - Merostomata
Ex. - Limulus
Class - Arachnida
Order - Araneae (spiders)
Ex. - Latrodectus, Loxosceles
Order - Scorpionida (scorpions)
Order - Opiliones (harvestmen)
Order - Acari (ticks)

22. Arthropod Taxonomy Kingdom - Animalia Phylum - Arthropoda
Subphylum - Crustacea
Class - Maxillopoda
Subclass – Cirripedia (barnacles)
Ex. – Balanus
Class - Malacostraca
Order - Isopoda (includes pill bugs)
Ex. - Armadillidium
Order - Decapoda (shrimp, crab, lobsters)
Ex. – Penaeus, Cancer

23. Arthropod Taxonomy Kingdom - Animalia Phylum - Arthropoda
Subphylum - Myriapoda
Class – Chilopoda (centipedes)
Class – Diplopoda (millipedes)

24. Arthropod Taxonomy Kingdom - Animalia Phylum - Arthropoda
Subphylum - Hexapoda
Class – Insecta
Order - Thysanura (silverfish)
Order - Odonata (dragonflies)
Order - Orthoptera (grasshoppers,
cockroaches)
Order - Isoptera (termites)
Order - Anoplura (sucking lice)
Order - Hemiptera (true bugs)

25. Arthropod Taxonomy Kingdom - Animalia Phylum - Arthropoda
Subphylum - Hexapoda
Class – Insecta
Order - Homoptera (cicadas)
Order - Coleoptera (beetles)
Order - Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths)
Order - Diptera (true flies)
Order - Siphonaptera (fleas)
Order - Hymenoptera (ants, wasps, and bees)

26. Six Reasons for Arthropod Diversity
A versatile and adaptable exoskeleton
Advanced segmentation and paired appendages
Oxygen pumped directly to the tissues
Highly developed sense organs
Complex behavioral patterns
Limited intraspecific competition through metamorphosis

27. Thermoregulation
The acquiring, regulating and maintaining of body temperature through physiological and behavioral means
Physiological – using body structures to generate, maintain, or release heat
Behavioral – using body actions and movements to obtain, maintain, or release heat

28. Chelicerata
Two body segments – cephalothorax (prosoma) and abdomen (opisthosoma)
Six pair of appendages – one pair of chelicerae, one pair of pedipalps and four pair of walking legs
No antennae or mandibles

29. Chelicerata

30. Class Merostomata

31. Class Arachnida
Order Araneae

32. Class Arachnida
Order Araneae

33. Class Arachnida
Order Scorpionida

34. Class Arachnida
Order Opiliones

35. Class Arachnida
Order Acari

36. Crustacea
Two body segments – cephalothorax (prosoma) and abdomen (opisthosoma)
Most have a carapace
Two pair of antennae
Mandibles for chewing and crushing
Biramous appendages

37. Crustacea

38. Class Maxillopoda
Subclass Cirripedia

39. Class Malacostraca
Order Isopoda

40. Class Malacostraca
Order Decapoda

41. Class Malacostraca
Order Decapoda

42. Crustacean
Reproduction

43. Ecdysis

44. Myriapoda Body segments – myriapods have a head and trunk
One pair of antennae
Mandibles for feeding
Uniramous appendages

45. Myriapoda

46. Class Chilopoda

47. Class Diplopoda

48. Hexapoda
Body segments – insects have three tagmata – head, thorax and abdomen
One pair of antennae
Mandibles for feeding
Uniramous appendages

49. Hexapoda

50. Class Insecta

51. Class Insecta

52. Class Insecta

53. Three Reasons for Insect Abundance and Diversity
Structural modifications to the mouth, legs, wings and alimentary canal
Well adapted to dry environments
Light weight, highly adaptable exoskeleton

54. Insect Feeding Strategies
Phytophagus
Saprophagus
Carnivorous predators
Parasites
Hyperparasitism

55. Insect Flight Mechanisms
Synchronous
Asynchronous

56. Holometabolous (complete) metamorphosis

57. Hemimetabolous (incomplete) metamorphosis

58. Insect Reproductive Success Factors

59. Insect Reproductive Success Factors

60. Insect Reproductive Success Factors

61. Echinodermata Eukaryotic, eumetazoans, deuterostomes
Triploblastic, eucoelomates
Radially symmetrical (no cephalization)
No metamerism
Endoskeleton made up of ossicles
Complex water vascular system for movement
Complete digestive system
Respiration through papulae, bursae, tube feet, skin or respiratory tree

62. Echinodermata Reduced nervous system with few sense organs
No circulatory or excretory systems
Autotomy and regeneration common
Sexual reproduction –dioecious, external fertilizers that go through metamorphosis

63. Some are carnivores, others detritivores and others herbivores
All members are marine organisms
Found from polar to tropical regions in all depths of the ocean
Echinoderm Ecology

64. Echinoderm Taxonomy Kingdom - Animalia Phylum - Echinodermata
Subphylum - Pelmatozoa (stalk animal)
Class - Crinoidea (lily form - sea lilies)
Ex. - Antedon
Subphylum - Eleutherozoa (free animal)

65. Echinoderm Taxonomy Kingdom - Animalia Phylum - Echinodermata
Subphylum - Pelmatozoa (stalk animal)
Subphylum - Eleutherozoa (free animal)
Class - Asteroidea (star form - sea stars)
Ex. - Asterias, Echinaster
Class - Ophiuroidea (brittle stars)
Ex. - Ophiura
Class - Echinoidea ( sea urchins, sand dollars)
Ex. - Stronglyocentrotus
Class – Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers)
Ex. - Sclerodactyla, Holothuria

66. General Echinoderm Anatomy

67. General Echinoderm Anatomy

68. Class Ophiuroidea

69. Class Echinoidea

70. Class Holothuroidea

71. Class Crinoidea