1. 1/25/2018
The Working Cell:
Energy from Food
Chapter 7 SR

2. 7.1
Sunlight Powers Life!

3. A. Obtaining Food

4. What is an autotroph? An organism that can make its own glucose (food)
“self-feeder”
An organism that can make its own glucose (food)
Ex: plants, algae

5. Photosynthesis
Using the sun’s energy to change H2O and CO2 into glucose (C6H12O6)

6. Producers
“produce” glucose for themselves and other organisms

7. What is a heterotroph? Organisms that cannot make their own food
“other-feeder”
Organisms that cannot make their own food
Ex: humans, mushrooms

8. Consumers
Gets food by eating producers or other consumers

9. B. Harvesting the Energy in Food

10. The energy of the sun keeps organisms alive!
Cycle of materials between organisms
Cycle within cells
The energy of the sun keeps organisms alive!
Staying alive

11. Written Summary
The products of photosynthesis are the reactants in cell respiration (O2 & C6H12O6)
The products of cell respiration are the reactants in photosynthesis (CO2 & H2O)

13. 7.2 Food Stores Chemical Energy

14. Chemical Energy
Is stored energy with the potential to do work.

15. Chemical Energy
Found in:
Carbohydrates
Fats
Protein

16. Used for Biological Work
Chemical Energy
The energy is found in the BONDS!
Used for Biological Work

18. Putting chemical energy to work
Complex organic molecules are broken down in cellular respiration

19. Putting chemical energy to work
Cellular Respiration breaks bonds & converts chemical energy into ATP and heat.

22. Putting chemical energy to work
-40% of energy from food used in biological work
-60% lost as heat. Some heat lost is used to keep your body warm.

23. Calories: Units of Energy
calorie = amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1°C.

24. 7.3 ATP Provides Energy for Cellular Work

25. How ATP Packs Energy
When ATP is hydrolyzed it breaks a bond that releases energy
The energy is used to do biological work

26. High energy bonds
ATP

27. Available to do biological work
ATP
ADP
Enzyme
Energy
Available to do biological work

28. Dehydration Synthesis
Available to do biological work
Energy
Hydrolysis
ADP + P
ATP
Dehydration Synthesis
Energy
From glucose

29. Like a re-chargeable battery
ATP is constantly
recycled in your
cells!!!
Like a re-chargeable battery

30. Cellular respiration converts energy
7.5
Cellular respiration converts energy
in food to
energy in ATP

31. Structures in cellular respiration
Cell Membrane
has channels for diffusion of glucose.
allows O2, CO2, H2O to diffuse in and out of cell.

32. Structures in cellular respiration
Cytoplasm
has enzymes needed to do glycolysis
(1st stage in cellular respiration).

33. Structures in cellular respiration
Mitochondria
has enzymes & coenzymes needed to continue aerobic cellular respiration (2nd & 3rd stages)

34. Overall Equation for Aerobic Cellular Respiration

35. Cytoplasm
High-energy
electrons carried
mainly by
NADH
High-energy
electrons
carried
by NADH
Mitochondrion
Glycolysis
Krebs
Cycle
Electron
Transport 2
Pyruvic
acid
Glucose

36. Glycolysis (Stage 1) glucose cutting process
1. Occurs in cytoplasm
2. Specific enzymes are required
3. Uses glucose - breaks it in half.

37. Glycolysis (Stage 1) glucose cutting process
4. Anaerobic phase – no oxygen required
5. Net ATP produced = 2
6. Energy from glucose is transferred to coenzymes (NADH)

38. Glycolysis (Stage 1) glucose cutting process
7. Produces two molecules of pyruvic acid.
Glucose  2 pyruvic acids
2ADP +2P
2 ATP

39. Glucose C6H12O6 H H C OH O C H H H C C OH H HO OH C C H OH 1/25/2018
Chapter 7 SR

40. 1/25/2018
Glucose
C6H12O6
Chapter 7 SR

41. 1/25/2018 C6
Glucose C3
2 Pyruvic Acid
Chapter 7 SR

42. Draw Diagram

44. Cytoplasm
High-energy
electrons carried
mainly by
NADH
High-energy
electrons
carried
by NADH
Mitochondrion
Glycolysis
Krebs
Cycle
Electron
Transport 2
Pyruvic
acid
Glucose

45. Mitochondrial
Events:

46. Pyruvic Acid enters the mitochondria Specific enzymes are required
Krebs Cycle (Stage 2)
Pyruvic Acid enters the mitochondria
Specific enzymes are required
Pyruvic Acid C-C Bonds are broken

47. H (Energy & electrons) picked up by NAD forming NADH CO2 is produced
Krebs Cycle (Stage 2)
ATP produced = 2
H (Energy & electrons) picked up by NAD forming NADH
CO2 is produced
(3 C’s of Pyruvic Acid
leave as CO2 )

48. Draw Diagram

49. Electron Transport Chain (Stage 3)
Occurs in mitochondria
Specific enzymes are required
Aerobic phase– oxygen required
H+ ions and energy taken from coenzymes (NADH)
ATP produced = 32-34
H2O is produced

50. Draw Diagram

51. Total ATP Production if Glucose goes through Glycolysis, Kreb’s Cycle and ETC: 36-38 ATP

52. Aerobic Cellular Respiration

53. Some cells can harvest energy without oxygen
7.6
Some cells can harvest energy without oxygen

54. Fermentation (anaerobic cellular respiration)
Does not use O2
Involves glycolysis and 1 or 2 steps
Occurs in cytoplasm
Net ATP produced = 2

55. A. Muscle cells in oxygen debt
Lactic acid produced from fermentation in muscle cells causes muscle fatigue
Lactic Acid fermentation
Pyruvic acid
Lactic Acid

56. B. Fermentation by bacteria in milk
Makes cheese and yogurt
Lactic Acid fermentation
Pyruvic acid
Lactic Acid

57. C. Fermentation by bacteria, producing vinegar
Variety of vinegar formed based on starting substance
ex. Apple cider vinegar
Acetic Acid fermentation
Pyruvic acid
Acetic Acid

58. D. Fermentation by yeast cells:
Alcoholic beverages such as beer & wine formed from fruit or grains
Bread dough rises due to CO2 production.
Alcohol fermentation
Pyruvic acid
Alcohol + CO2

59. Lactic Acid fermentation Acetic Acid fermentation
Is named by its product:
Alcohol fermentation
Lactic Acid fermentation
Acetic Acid fermentation

60. Anaerobic vs. Aerobic Anaerobic respiration does not use O2
produces 2 ATP per glucose.
Stage 1 only (glycolysis)

61. Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Aerobic respiration uses O2
produces ATP per glucose
Stages 1, 2, & 3

62. We’ve seen what happens when there is not enough oxygen available, but what happens when there is not enough glucose available??

63. Amino Acids can be converted to glucose
When there are low levels of glucose, the body converts other nutrients into glucose to maintain energy production

64. 2 11 1 3 4 5 6 8 7 9 10

65. Crash Course Cell Respiration