2. Biosecurity
Biosecurity refers to preventive measures designed to reduce the risk of transmission of infectious diseases in crops and livestock, quarantined pests, invasive species and living modified organisms
For Australia as an island nation biosecurity is important for keeping “nasties” from other parts of the world out.
In OES we focus on security and protection against threats to primary industries and the environment.

3. Try a google search on biosecurity and chose “news”

4. Biosecurity discourse
There is a diverse array of threats that need to be considered
As threats are identified, control measures need to be discussed or debated
Threats can come not only from outside Aust but also within, it may be a case of limiting spread of pests

5. Ganglioneuritis An example of Fisheries biosecurity
The abalone fishery makes a significant contribution to the economy
The Victorian Abalone Fishery is divided into three management zones:
Western, central and eastern zones
In 2006 the Western Zone was decimated by a virus ganglioneuritis

6. The virus probably exists/existed in the wild
The virus probably exists/existed in the wild. It seems likely that the virus mutated to a more virulent strain in an abalone farm which was identified as the source of the infection
Strict measures were put in place to control the spread of the disease

7. Measures Cleaning of boats & dive gear with disinfectant
Abalone guts was sold as bait, this was stopped
The Mallacoota Co-op stopped putting process waste into the sea and instead disposes all waste at the tip
Commercial abalone and crayfish harvesting was stopped in some areas most infected
Catch/dive bins were sent back by processors to their original owners
Codes of practice were established by the Victorian abalone industry.

9. Success
The virus was contained in the western zone and in may areas (not all) abalone populations are recovering

10. Abalone biosecurity discourse in East Gippsland
Perception
Interaction
Impact
Biosecurity:
Strong efforts need to be made to stop the spread of the virus and to protect fisheries not affected
Environment as an important economic resource that needs to be protected from threat of humans spreading the disease
Abalone industry works to contain the spread of the disease
Measures worked to contain the virus and it did not spread
Better awareness of quarantine issues and better management of risks
Players:
Commercial fishers/abalone divers
Govt agencies (DELWP)
Recreational fishermen & divers
Govt works to inform and enforce measures to stop the virus spreading
Greater awareness of potential negative impacts on environment

11. And to conclude Good exam advice on page 227: Notes for the exam
Other environmental issues???