1. Ecosystems
An ecosystem is made up of plants, animals, microorganisms and their environment, interacting as a functional unit.
All parts of an ecosystem depend on each other for survival.

2. Dependence on Abiotic Factors
Living organisms depend on abiotic factors in order to survive
Ex: water, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorous
These substances must be replaced when they are used, so ecosystems cycle these kinds of matter to support life.

3. The Carbon Cycle

4. What is Carbon? An element The basis of life on Earth
Found in rocks, oceans, and the atmosphere

5. Carbon Cycle
The same carbon atoms are used repeatedly on earth. They cycle between the earth and the atmosphere.

6. Plants Use Carbon Dioxide
Plants pull carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and use it to make food via photosynthesis.
The carbon becomes part of the plant, stored food.

7. Animals Eat Plants
When an organism eats a plant, they take in the carbon and some of it becomes part of their own bodies.

8. Plants and Animals Die
When plants and animals die, most of their bodies are decomposed and the carbon atoms are returned to the atmosphere.
Some are not fully decomposed and end up in deposits underground (oil, coal, etc).

9. Carbon Slowly Returns to the Atmosphere
Carbon in rocks and underground deposits are released very slowly into the atmosphere.
This process takes many years.

10. Carbon in Oceans Additional carbon is stored in the ocean.
Many animals pull carbon from water to use in shells, etc.
Animals die and carbon substances are deposited at the bottom of the ocean.
Oceans contain earth’s largest stores of carbon.

11. Cycles This cycle repeats over and over again.
Carbon continuously moves from one area to the next.

12. January 11, 2016
Journal: Where in the carbon cycle might a molecule of carbon go after it is in a plant? List two possibilities.

13. The Nitrogen Cycle

14. Atmospheric Nitrogen
Nitrogen is an element that all living things need to survive
Nitrogen makes up 78% of our atmosphere.
But this nitrogen cannot be used by living things

15. Biologically Useful Nitrogen
In order for nitrogen to be used by living things, it must be fixed into a biologically useful compound called nitrates, which are commonly found in the soil
After it is fixed, the nitrogen can move through the organisms in an ecosystem

16. Nitrogen Fixation into Nitrates
Bacteria and algae can convert nitrogen in the air into nitrates using chemical reactions
Lightning also can convert nitrogen in the air into nitrates which then fall into the soil with the rain water
Once the nitrogen is made into nitrates in the soil, it can be used by living organisms

17. Plants and Animals Using Nitrogen
Plants take in nitrates through their roots and convert them to proteins
These proteins can then travel throughout the food chain through herbivores and carnivores

18. Plants and Animals Using Nitrogen
When organisms excrete waste, the nitrogen is released back into the soil
When organisms die and decompose, they also release nitrogen back into the soil

19. Movement of Nitrogen
Nitrates in the soil that are not taken up by plants can be carried into lakes and streams
Nitrates can also be turned back into gaseous nitrogen and returned to the atmosphere using a process called denitrification

20. Nitrogen Cycle

21. January 13, 2015
Journal: How can nitrogen get into the soil?

22. Status of Ecology Past Status Calm and Quiet
Human don’t disturb the nature
Ecosystem had been going on its natural cycle

23. Beautiful Nature

24. Status of Ecology (cont…)
Present Status
Population increasing
Negative Effect
Ecological Crisis

25. Ecological Crisis The main causes of Ecological Crisis are:
Over Population
Environment Pollution
Deforestation

26. Over Population
Over population results in a depletion of resources that occurs when too many of at least one kind of living thing inhabits an ecosystem.

27. Environment Pollution

28. Environment Pollution (cont…)

29. Environment Pollution (cont…)

30. Deforestation
Deforestation is the logging or burning of trees in forested areas.

31. Ecological Crisis Major Ecological Crisis which are facing the World:
Greenhouse Effect
Global Warming
Climate Changes

32. Green House Effect
Greenhouse effect means the change in the thermal equilibrium temperature of a planet by the presence of an atmosphere containing gas that absorbs infrared radiation.

33. Green House Effect (cont…)

34. Global Warming
Global warming is an increase in the average temperature of the earth's atmosphere.

35. Climate Changes
Climate change means a long-term significant change in the “average weather” that a given region experiences. Average weather may include average temperature, precipitation and wind patterns.
It causes natural disasters.

36. Natural Disasters

37. Conclusion Ecosystems are a natural cycle.
Ecosystem makes the balance of nature.
Human beings are an integral part of ecological systems and depend on nature for survival and quality of life.
Saving nature, will save the ecosystems and ourselves.