1. Particles and indoor chemical reactions
In title
IA 2008
Ozone
Surface 16 13
Air freshener
Terpenes
Limonene
Aldehydes 2 4 3
Formaldehyde 18
Particles
Ultrafine particles
Nano particles 47 5 6
Laser printers
Effects
+ ozone
+ particles 27 1
Indoor Air 2008
Mariane Glasius and Peder Wolkoff

2. Particles and indoor chemical reactions
Sessions
Papers
Participants
Indoor chemical reactions I II 24 80
100
Particles
III 34
130 75
Indoor Air 2008
Mariane Glasius and Peder Wolkoff

3. Particles and indoor chemical reactions
Chemical reactions = ozone and UV-initiated reactions
in gas-phase and on material surface
Particles = solid or liquid aggregates of compounds suspended in air (aerosol)
Indoor Air 2008
Mariane Glasius and Peder Wolkoff

4. Particles and indoor chemical reactions
Chemical reactions I:
Nitrate radical chemistry
UV-light: influence on emission
New methods to measure multifunctional compounds
Surface chemistry of materials
Museum showcases
Full scale measurements under realistic conditions
Field measurements
Bioassays
Indoor Air 2008
Mariane Glasius and Peder Wolkoff

5. Particles and indoor chemical reactions
Chemical reactions II:
Nitrate radical chemistry competetive with O3 and OH  organic nitrates and PANs
PANs and organic nitrates are formed at low ppb level
SOA are associated with nitrates and PANs
Many new multifunctional oxygenated compounds from surface chemistry - Surface chemistry  C1, C8-C10 aldehydes
Transport uptake is a combination of material and coated surface uptake; formaldehyde formation predicted
Reaction probability of O3 appears to be higher for on surfaces than in the gas-phase – increased humidity reduces probability
Indoor Air 2008
Mariane Glasius and Peder Wolkoff

6. Particles and indoor chemical reactions
Chemical reactions III:
Acids are formed in showcases
Air fresheners and fragrances form formaldehyde and ultrafine particles in full scale chamber
”Photocatalytic” paints form a number of secondary products (aldehydes)
Limonene and formaldehyde are associated in buildings
Lighting may influence production of secondary products and SOA
Pb may emit due to ozone exposure of material surface
Indoor Air 2008
Mariane Glasius and Peder Wolkoff

7. Particles and indoor chemical reactions
Particles I:
Transport from outdoor environment
Indoor sources
combustion processes
heaters
candles and incenses
smoking
cooking
equipment – laser printers
Resuspension of particles
Indoor Air 2008
Mariane Glasius and Peder Wolkoff

8. Particles and indoor chemical reactions
Particles II:
Background level of particle numbers and PM often related to urban background concentrations
Emissions from indoor sources
burning incenses may be a potential health problem
kerosene heaters are strong sources of ultrafine particles
laser printers may emit particles – large variation in strength
Fundamental studies of
emissions from daily activies
transport between rooms and influence of ventilation
Characterisation of particle composition and properties by ”new” advanced techniques
Indoor Air 2008
Mariane Glasius and Peder Wolkoff

9. Particles and indoor chemical reactions
Particles III:
Respiratory tract deposition of candle smoke particles depends on both size and hygroscopicity
Resuspension of particles
is inversely related to particle diameter
influence of foot motion and turbulence
Carpets may increase particle deposition rate
Nanofilm products emit nanoparticles during use
Ultrafine particles from ozone/limonene reactions appear not to be responsible for acute airway effects
Indoor Air 2008
Mariane Glasius and Peder Wolkoff

10. Particles and indoor chemical reactions 2011?
Relevant exposures and doses
Need to know health effects of
formaldehyde
SOA
nanoparticles and ultrafine particles
which properties make a particle toxicologically relevant?
Need to know odor impact of aldehydes
Identification of health relevant species/proxies by:
Study of relevant health effects by bioassays
Human exposure studies under realistic conditions to confirm bioassay findings
What is the health risk at realistic conditions?
Indoor Air 2008
Mariane Glasius and Peder Wolkoff

11. Particles and indoor chemical reactions 2011?
Less what?
A bit more why?
And a lot more
what does it mean for our health?
Indoor Air 2008
Mariane Glasius and Peder Wolkoff