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Carbohydrate
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polysaccharides Composed of >10 monosaccharaides
They linked together by glycosidic bond General formula ( C6 H12 O5 ) n Polysaccharides also known as glycan e.g. glycogen, starch and cellulose.
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polysaccharides The most abundant storag polysaccharides in nature are: Starch in plants Glycogen in animals The most abundant structural polysaccharides in nature are: Cellulose Chitin
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prosperities of polysaccharides
High molecular Wight In soluble in water Not sweet in taste Non reducing sugar
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polysaccharides Homopolysaccharide Heteropolysaccharide
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Homopolysaccharide Polymers of only a single kind of monosacchride
E.g. glycogen and starch The polymers of glucose is called glucan The polymers of fructose is called fructans
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Homopolysaccharides Unbranched Branched e.g. Cellulose e.g. Glycogen
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Heteropolysaccharides
Polymers of two or more different types of monosaccharides E.g. mucopolysaccarides
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Homopolysaccharides of biomedical importance
Storage Homopolysaccharides Strutural Homopolysaccharides
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Storage Homopolysaccharides
Starch is homopolysaccharide composed of α-D- glucose It is the most abundant storage polysaccharides in plants It is found in cereals, grains and roots Starch contain of two kind of glucose Amylose ( water soluble, unbranched) Amylopectin ( insoluble in water, branched)
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Storage Homopolysaccharides
Glycogen is branched homopolysaccharide Composed of α-D-glucose It is the most abundant storage polysaccharides in animals The glycogen is branched glucan consist of several branched chains of α-D-glucose units.
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Strutural Homopolysaccharides
Cellulose is unbranched homopolysacchharide it is the most abundant plant structural polysaccharides It is the major component of cell walls of the plant
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Strutural Homopolysaccharides
Chitin is unbranched homopolysacchharide Composed of β-D-N- acetyle-glucosamine it is the most abundant animal structural polysaccharides in nature it is the major component of exoskeleton of arthropods.
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Other homopolysaccharide
inulin is unbranched homopolysaccharide Composed of D-fructose units It is found in onion and garlic
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Other homopolysaccharide
Dextrans is branched homopolysaccharide Composed of α- D-glucose units Low mol.wt. used as plasma expander
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Heteropolysaccharides
Also known as glycosaminoglycans E.g. Mucopolysaccharides Long, unbrranchednegatively charged heteropolysaccharides Composed of alternating units of amino-sugar-acid
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Heteropolysaccharide
Hyaluronic acid Ti is a heteropolysaccharide Composed of alternnating monosaccharide units It is found in skin and synoval fluid of bone It serve as a lubricant and shok absorber in bone joint
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Heteropolysaccharides
Heparin It is composed of alternating monosaccharide units D-glucosamin and D-glucuronic acid It is a natural blood anticoagulant.
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