1. How Geographers Look at the World
Original: Mr. Edwards – SAHS
Edited by: Mr. Barkhau - AHS

2. Geography Greek word origin “ writing about or describing” the earth.
The study of how people, places, and things relate to each other
Explores the world, cultures, political systems, economy and peoples relationship with the environment

3. The Geographer’s Tools

4. Globes and Map Projections
The Geographer's Tools
Globes and Map Projections
A globe is a scale model of Earth that accurately depicts area, distance, and direction.
Cartographers are mapmakers that convert 3-D globe images onto flat maps to create a map projection.
There are three types of map projections: planar, cylindrical, and conic.

5. Planar

6. Cylindrical (wrapped around a cylinder)

7. Conic (wrapped around a cone)

8. Planar (flat view)

9. The Geographer's Tools
Determining Location
Lines of latitude and longitude create a grid system on Earth's surface that is used to determine location.
The Equator divides Earth in half, creating the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

11. The Geographer's Tools
Determining Location
The Prime Meridian splits the globe into the Eastern and Western Hemispheres.

14. Absolute Location Aiken, SC is located at 33.5494° N, 81.7206° W
Dr. P. Sherman’s dental office:
42 Wallaby Way
Sydney, Australia

15. Relative Location Kroger is across the street from Odell Weeks.
Boston is 200 miles northeast of New York City.

16. The Geographer's Tools
Using Maps
There are many components to a map, including a title, a legend, symbols, and color-coding.
Scale represents the consistent, proportional relationship between the measurements shown on a map and on Earth's surface.

17. Title
Scale
Legend

18. The Geographer's Tools
Using Maps
Physical, political, and thematic maps each serve a unique purpose and show different types of information.
A mental map describes an individual's perception of features of Earth's surface.

19. Shows physical features such as elevation
Physical Map
Shows physical features such as elevation

20. Shows man-made distinctions, such as countries, states, or cities
Political Map
Shows man-made distinctions, such as countries, states, or cities

21. Scale
Large scale refers to maps on which objects are relatively large
Small scale refers to maps on which objects are relatively small.

22. Scale
This means a small scale map actually shows a bigger area than a large scale map
Large scale and small scale are subjective terms

23. Small scale, because South Carolina is smaller
Large scale, because SC is larger

24. The Geographer’s Craft

25. A Geographic Perspective
The Geographer's Craft
A Geographic Perspective
Geographers study the locations and relationships of Earth's physical and living features.

27. A Geographic Perspective
The Geographer's Craft
A Geographic Perspective
Spatial perspective – how places, objects, and people are related to one another

29. The Themes of Geography There are five themes of geography: Location
The Geographer's Craft
The Themes of Geography
There are five themes of geography:
Location
Place
Movement
Region
Human/Environment Interaction

31. The Themes of Geography Location – where something is
The Geographer's Craft
The Themes of Geography
Location – where something is
Absolute location
Relative location

32. The Themes of Geography Place Physical Geography = natural features
The Geographer's Craft
The Themes of Geography
Place
Physical Geography = natural features
Human Geography = cultural characteristics

34. The Themes of Geography Regions: formal region functional region
The Geographer's Craft
The Themes of Geography
Regions:
formal region
functional region
perceptional region

35. Formal Region
Formal Region – A region defined by a common characteristic, such as production of a product.
Examples include cities, states, and mountain ranges

36. Functional Region
Functional Region – a central place and the surrounding territory linked to it.
Example – the Charleston Metropolitan Area

37. Perceptual Regions
Perceptual Region – a region defined by popular feelings and images rather than by objective data.

38. The Themes of Geography Human/Environment Interaction
The Geographer's Craft
The Themes of Geography
Human/Environment Interaction
A relationship exists between people and their environment
People use and change the environment to meet their needs

40. The Themes of Geography Movement
The Geographer's Craft
The Themes of Geography
Movement
How People, Goods, and Ideas Get from One Place to Another

41. The Themes of Geography Movement Linear distance Time distance
The Geographer's Craft
The Themes of Geography
Movement
Linear distance
Time distance
Psychological distance