1. Preventive Health Practices 2016
Information on specific illnesses with images

2. Fifth Disease – parvovirus B19
SYMPTOMS
Mild fever, tiredness.
Cheeks become flushed after a few days
May also develop a light rash on chest, arms, legs
Health improves after rash appears
Rash can last > a week and may reappear after exposure to sun or a warm bath
HOW IT IS SPREAD
No longer contagious once appears
Airborne contact
Direct contact
Indirect contact
WHEN TO EXCLUDE
It is only necessary to exclude a child who feels too
unwell to participate in the regular activities
of the child care

3. Hand, Foot Mouth Disease – coxsackie virus A16
SYMPTOMS
Sores in mouth
Rash of tiny painful blisters on hands & feet
Mild fever, sore throat
Stomach ache
May last 7-10 days
Many people have no symptoms
HOW IT IS SPREAD
Direct contact with blisters & saliva
Indirect contact with same
Contact with stool
WHEN TO EXCLUDE
It is only necessary to exclude a child who feels too
unwell to participate in the regular activities of the child care

4. Strep Throat & Scarlet Fever – Group A Streptococci bacteria
Red, painful throat, fever,
swollen glands,
headache, stomach ache
HOW THEY ARE SPREAD
Direct contact
Indirect contact with respiratory discharges
Airborne contact with respiratory discharges
Contagious before symptoms occur and
until 24 hours after treatment
WHEN TO EXCLUDE
Anyone with a positive diagnosis
Until they have been on antibiotics for 24 hours AND they feel well enough to participate
SCARLET FEVER: 
Skin rash of fine, red, coarse bumps
on neck, chest, groin, and inner surfaces of the knees thighs, and elbows.

5. Impetigo – streptococcal or staphylococcal bateria
SYMPTOMS
May initially appear to be an insect bite, cut, or burn
Becomes a blistery rash with thick, golden-yellow discharge
that dries and becomes crusty and sticks to the skin
Spreads easily to other areas of the skin
HOW IT IS SPREAD
Direct and indirect contact
with the discharge from the
sores
WHEN TO EXCLUDE
Until 24 hours after treatment has begun

6. Ringworm – fungus SYMPTOMS SKIN (1): A flat, growing, ring-shaped rash
Rash may be raised, scaly, and itchy
SKIN(2): Skin becomes lighter in flat patches, especially on trunk and face
SCALP: begins as a small bump and spreads outward, leaving scaly patches
of temporary hair loss
FEET: skin between toes scales & cracks, skin may blister
NAILS: thickening, discoloration, crack & break easily
HOW IT IS SPREAD
Direct contact with infected person or animal
Indirect contact
WHEN TO EXCLUDE
Until 24 hours after treatment has begun

7. Scabies – skin parasite
SYMPTOMS
Itchy, raised, usually red rash
Can occur anywhere on the body
Can take 4-6 weeks to develop symptoms
HOW IT IS SPREAD
Direct contact
Sharing clothing or bedding
WHEN TO EXCLUDE
Until 24 hours after treatment has begun
Check and possibly treat all children & staff

8. Pinworms – intestinal parasite
SYMPTOMS
Can be symptom-free
Anal itching & irritation
Sleeplessness
Irritability
HOW IT IS SPREAD
Contact with eggs that then get into the mouth
Eggs can survive up to two weeks off the human host
WHEN TO EXCLUDE
Until treatment has begun

9. Lice– scalp parasite SYMPTOMS Itching of head and scalp
Red bites marks and scratch marks
Nits (eggs) are visible on hair
HOW IT IS SPREAD
Direct contact by louse crawling from infected person
Indirect contact eggs via any personal items of infected person
WHEN TO EXLCUDE
Until properly treated and
no nits are present

10. Meningitis – bacteria, virus, fungus, parasite
SYMPTOMS 
HOW IT IS SPREAD
Airborne contact
Direct contact
Feces
WHEN TO EXCLUDE
Until fever is gone and they feel well
Until heath care provider determines they are no longer contagious

11. Hepatitis A, B, C - virus Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis C
Spread through contact with blood or body fluids
Spread through contact with blood or body fluids
Spread through contact with feces

12. Hepatitis A, B, C – virus (continued)
There are now immunizations against the Hepatitis A & B viruses Exclude anyone with active hepatitis until cleared by healthcare provider

13. Tuberculosis - bacteria
HOW IT IS SPREAD
Airborne contact
WHEN TO EXCLUDE
Until a health care provider determines the disease is no longer active

14. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) - virus
CMV is a very common viral infection that will infect most people. It can be dangerous for people with immune problems and pregnant women who can spread the illness to their unborn babies.
SYMPTOMS
Children usually have no symptoms
Older children may develop a fever, sore throat, swollen glands, enlarged liver, rash, and tiredness
HOW IT IS SPREAD
Direct & indirect contact with body fluids
Via childbirth
WHEN TO EXCLUDE
Only when child is toll ill to participate in
Normal activities
Any pregnant staff should take extra precautions

15. Whooping Cough (pertussis) – bacteria
SYMPTOMS
Cold-like symptoms
Violent coughing spells that may end with
Vomiting or not getting enough oxygen
In children under six-months they may develop
serious complications requiring hospitalization
WHEN TO EXCLUDE
Any child not immunized against pertussis
Until after 5 days of treatment, or 4 weeks after on-set of cough
HOW IT IS SPREAD
Airborne contact