1. Chapter One Problem Solving
Objectives:
1- Understand what is “ Programming”?
2- Define “Problem” & “ Problem Solving”.
3- Identify the 5- Stages of Problem Solving.
4-Writing “ Algorithm”
5-Draw “ Flow Chart”

2. 1- Understand what is “ Programming”?
Eat a meal
Cook that meal
Buy A Robot
Build A Robot
Use a Game / Software
Create yours with your OWN Criteria
Programmer
User
Programming Languages : C , C++, Basic , Visual C , Visual Basic

3. 2- Define “Problem” & “ Problem Solving”.
Objectives
Outputs
Target/Aim/Goal
- Sequence of Steps
-Activities
Specific Inputs
Through
Using
Attain / Reach
Problem Solving
Problem

4. Define : 1- Problem. 2- Problem Solving .
Class Activity:
Using the Cards _ Group discussion
Define : 1- Problem. 2- Problem Solving .
Ex:
1- “ Blue Hole” / “Black or White Desert”/ “Cosmic Village”
2- Bake a Cake.

5. 3- “ Problem Solving” Stages (5 Stages) :
1. Define the Problem:
Outputs.
Inputs.
Executing Arithmetic or Logical Operations
Example (1):
2 + 3
Example (2):
A kid have 100 pounds, bought a dark choc. for 48 pounds & bottle of water for 4 pounds, So ??

6. 3- “ Problem Solving” Stages (5 Stages) Cont.
2. Step by step solving problems:
Write an Algorithm
الخوارزمي
2. Draw a Flow Chart
Start
Example (1):
2 + 3
Input 2 , 3
Start
Inputs : 2, 3
Sum of 2 + 3
Output the Sum.
End
Sum = 2 + 3
Output Sum
End

7. Benefits if using Flowcharts:
1- Promotes / facilitate understanding the problem and shows the tasks when writing program codes.
2- Explains the program to others
3- Convenient tool for documenting the program.

8. The Algorithm is represented by drawing flowcharts.
A Group of logically arranged procedures to be executed to attain an output using specific inputs.
The Flow Chart is:
It’ a diagram uses standard Graphical symbols or shapes to illustrate a sequence of steps required to solve the problem.
The Algorithm is represented by drawing flowcharts.

9. 3- “ Problem Solving” Stages (5 Stages) cont.
3. Design the Program:
Writing the code
Using a programming Language

10. During writing program code we can make mistake.
3- “ Problem Solving” Stages (5 Stages) cont.
4. Program Testing ( Debug):
During writing program code we can make mistake.
So, We have to check and enter the data and compare to check the errors and debug / Correct them.
Start
Inputs : 2, 3
Sum of 2 - 3
Output the Sum.
End
Example (1):
2 + 3

11. 3- “ Problem Solving” Stages (5 Stages) cont.
5. Program Documentation:
Is documenting : Given input – output – plan – for solving the
problem – drawn flow chart – programming language – last date modification – people who contribute to the program development
Process. WHY ???
To go back for feedback or correction

12. 1 5 2 4 3 Problem Solving Stages Problem Definition Program
Documenting
-Writing all steps Taken to solve the problem
- People Contributed
Problem
Solving
Stages
Input-Output-Solution 2
Step by step Instructions 4
Program Testing 3
-Writing Algorithm
-Drawing a Flow Chart
Program Design
check and debug
-Writing a code using a
Programming Language

13. Flow Chart:
Diagram that uses standard graphical symbols to illustrate:
the sequence of steps required for solving a problem or specific question ( the algorithm)

14. The most commonly used Symbols:
Significance
(Terminal): Start & End
( Input / Output )
(Process): Arithmetic / Logical
(Decision): Yes / No
(Flow Lines): Directions

15. Example(1-1): Second : Algorithm First : Define the Problem
Draw a flow chart that will calculate the sum of two numbers entered by the user and display the result:
First : Define the Problem
Outputs: The sum of Two Numbers
Inputs: The 1st number is “A”, The 2nd number is “B”
Solution: C = A+B , where C is the result
Third : Flow Chart
Second : Algorithm
1- Start
2- Enter The Number A and the Number B
3- Perform the SUM using : C=A+B , while C is the output
4- Print C
5- End
Start
Enter A and B
C = A+ B
Output C
End