1. Dr. Lu Yuan, CSP 985-549-2189 Lu.Yuan@selu.edu
Prejob/Pretask Planning and Accident Investigation and Reconstruction OSHE 382, Spring 2016
Dr. Lu Yuan, CSP

2. Summary: Substance-Abuse Programs & Safety Incentives
Different opinions about drug testing
Components of drug-testing programs
Drug testing should be part of a comprehensive drug-prevention program
Safety incentive
Definitions of Incentive & performance objective
Three types of safety incentives in construction
Concerns about safety incentives
Safety incentive should be part of an overall comprehensive SH&E program

3. Overall Goal of Planning
To create a culture that actively follows safety standards and procedures, and pursues safe practices
To emphasize individual as well as team responsibility for creating an injury-free workplace

4. General Precautions
A crisis management handbook: Addresses emergency procedures
An emergency card that every crew member can carry: Emergency communication
Training in and practice of emergency procedures: Obtain knowledge

5. Construction Planning (Macro)
Safety through design
Safety should be considered and built in at the earliest stage of the design.
Get rid of potentially risky situations as early as possible rather than having to deal with them later.
It allows evaluation of the construction methods to be used and can eliminate hazards before they are created.

6. Key Elements of Safety Through Design
Define a broader meaning of the term hazard
Establish a standard for safe design
Categorize the hazards into different groups
Use the safe design hierarchy to physically control hazards
Control the hazard by matching it to appropriate design improvements or appliances
MacCollum, D.V. (2006) Inherently safer design: Five principles for improving construction safety. Professional Safety. 51:5,

7. Safe Design Hierarchy Eliminate the hazard
Guard to prevent the hazard from causing harm
Include safety factors to minimize the hazard
Use redundancy for a group of parallel safeguards
MacCollum, D.V. (2006) Inherently safer design: Five principles for improving construction safety. Professional Safety. 51:5,

8. MacCollum, D.V. (2006) Inherently safer design: Five principles for improving construction safety. Professional Safety. 51:5,

9. Construction Planning (Macro)
The coordination of multidisciplinary teams (Figure 9.1 on p. 141) should ensure that in all cases, worker safety and health be consistent with building quality, budget and schedule goals, and design intent.
Insurance coverage
Substance abuse control
Site security
Construction process requirements

10. Responsibility of Safety Manager
The safety manager does not supervise the contractor employees, but
He/she must assure that the contractor supervision enforces safety rules among their employees.
The safety manager should be given absolute authority to stop work that is deemed hazardous. On the other hand,
He/she should commend and promote extraordinary safety performance.

11. Project Hiring and Managing
Prebid qualifications: Emphasize safety record (performance and results)
Prebid conference: Discuss safety issues specific to the project
Postbid conference: Reemphasize safety requirements with each prospective project participant

12. Project Hiring and Managing
Preconstruction meeting: The Contractor assigns a safety representative to interface with the owner.
Construction phase: General and specific safety requirements such as orientation, job progress meeting, and toolbox talks, etc.
Project completion: Safety performance recorded for future project consideration

13. Prejob/Pretask Planning (Micro)
Job hazard analysis
Examines a work process
Identifies potential hazards
Proposes preventive measures
Task safety assignment plans (Figure 3 on Pages 151 and 152 of the textbook)
A subset of job hazard analysis, focusing a specific type of work
Everyone who will be performing such work must know how to complete it safely

14. Accident Investigation and Reconstruction
Purposes:
To inform the reader about the process of inquiry that typically follows an accident that is serious enough to warrant litigation or the threat of litigation,
To suggest the construction managers a list of actions that can be taken to eliminate or reduce the risk of liability resulting from accidents, and more importantly,
To determine corrective controls that can be implemented to eliminate hazards based on accident causation analysis.

15. Construction Accident Factors
Design
Schedule
Overtime work
Job-site safety culture
Owner influence

16. Accident Causation Theories
Many different theories but unfortunately there is no one single theory that is universally accepted
The domino theory
Multiple causation model
Human error theories
Accident proneness theory
Etc.

17. Construction Accident Root Causes
Accident Root Cause Tracing Model (ARCTM)
Failing to identify an unsafe condition that existed before an activity was started or that developed after an activity was started
Deciding to proceed with a work activity after the worker identifies an existing unsafe condition
Deciding to act unsafely regardless of initial conditions of the work environment
Abdelhamid, T.S. and Everett, J.G. (2000) Identifying root causes of construction accidents. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. 126:1,

18. Causes of Unsafe Conditions
Management actions/inactions
Worker or coworker unsafe acts
Nonhuman related events
An unsafe condition that is a natural part of the initial construction site considerations
Abdelhamid, T.S. and Everett, J.G. (2000) Identifying root causes of construction accidents. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. 126:1,

19. Abdelhamid, T. S. and Everett, J. G
Abdelhamid, T.S. and Everett, J.G. (2000) Identifying root causes of construction accidents. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. 126:1,

20. Accident Reconstruction
Collect information
Interview the witnesses
Preserve the evidence
Root-cause analysis
Insurance representative involvement
Attorney and experts inquiry

21. Actions to be Taken
Build and reiterate safety as a core corporate value
Create and promote positive safety culture in the workplace
Hold officers and managers accountable for safety performance
State and reinforce consistent safe behavior
Improve supervision and training effectiveness