1. World-wide trends in open access e-books
Igbis seminar 8 September 2017
Presenter: Claudia Reynolds (UJ)

2. What is open access?
What Open Access is NOT : Free trials, Free access code with purchase, Complimentary access with subscription, Free Kindle books (requiring an account), hard-copy free ebooks

3. Overlap with Open Educational Resources:

4. OA MONOGRAPH publishing: TRENDS
A. Digital preservation projects
Earliest was Project Gutenberg started in 1971.
Other examples: Internet Archive, Hathi Trust, Google Books
Content is mostly out-of-copyright (public domain) titles
Volunteer-run.
Objective is to archive cultural heritage.

6. B. What about current titles? 1. Self-published / one-off ebooks
Since advent of e-publishing formats. But quality? & may
lack “formal” OA requirements: licensing / permanency

8. 21st century OA publishing
2. Institutional Repositories
From the 1990s onwards, IRs provided access to unpublished e-theses and other research e-monographs.
21st century OA publishing
The 2002 Budapest Open Access Initiative & 2003 Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities fuelled an international drive to make scholarly research available by means of self-archiving and OA journals.
Monographs were not considered, but as sales of print monographs decreased and the demand for OA increased, OA e-monograph publishing took off.
Still weren#t getting the equivalent to the print book in OA. VERY DIFFERENT to article outputs – Berlin 2012 OA declaration, prepub copy must be deposited in IR berlin declaration.

9. 3. University publishers
e.g. ANU Press, University of Amsteram, OUP

10. 4. Commercial (academic) publishers
e.g. Springer, Brill
Make select titles OA (usually pay for print copy)

11. 5. Dedicated OA publishers
e.g. Open Humanities Press (2006), Open Book Publishers (2012)

12. which include OA monographs from a variety of
6. Mixed collections
which include OA monographs from a variety of
publishers.
e.g. JSTOR (2016)
Open Textbook Library

13. collating: OA monograph directories
No comprehensive collation of OA monograph metadata. Two well-established directories:
OAPEN (Open Access Publishing in European Networks) began 2008
Humanities & social Sciences, mostly university publishers.
DOAB (Directory of Open Access Books) began 2013
Multidisciplinary, all publishers

14. OA MONOGRAPH publishing : challenges
Why is progress in OA monographs trailing behind OA journals?
Authors have concerns about recognition & exposure
Authors / publishers need to cover costs.
Funding possibilities:
Freemium
monograph is available free online, but a premium is charged for advanced features and functionality.

15. Institutional / corporate / publisher grants (including consortial funding)
For example:

16. Crowd-funding e.g. Knowledge Unlatched
many libraries from around the world sharing the payment of a single Title Fee to a publisher, in return for a book being made available on a Creative Commons licence via OAPEN and HathiTrust as a fully downloadable PDF

17. making oa ebooks visible on the catalogue : trends
1. Just refer to OA collections – on the library website, in libguides, etc.
e. g.
UJ Library Webpage

18. Pros: Easy to create and maintain
e. g.
St Andrews
libguide
Pros: Easy to create and maintain
Cons: Items are not discoverable at a single catalogue search-point ; Does not give OA items equal exposure

19. 2. Add entire OA collections to the library catalogue
(MARC records are available through collection managers like OCLC Worldshare / Ex-Libris Alma / Ebsco Discovery Service or through the ebook publisher / directory website)
From OCLC
WorldShare:

20. Pros: Quick and easy to batch-load MARC records
From OAPEN website:
Pros: Quick and easy to batch-load MARC records
Cons: Too much information!

21. 3. Add select OA titles to the library catalogue.
Either
individually:

23. Pros: Keeps stock relevant, Avoids information overload.
Or partial collections:
Pros: Keeps stock relevant, Avoids information overload.
Cons: Time-consuming to select, record, and maintain individual titles.

24. Will depend on library’s objectives.
Which titles to add?
Will depend on library’s objectives.
Possible objectives:
To get or replace out of print/classic books
To support key research/interest areas
As a costsaving alternative for study materials or textbooks

25. making oa ebooks visible on the catalogue : challenges
Copyright
Unless it has an international Creative Commons license (v. 4.0 is universal), an ebook may not be accessible in your local jurisdiction.
Copyright duration (& therefore entry into “public domain”) & copyright laws vary by country.

26. An example of OA copyright discrepancy:
Volumes published outside the US from through 1922 are treated as public domain for users accessing the volumes from US IP addresses; however, they are treated as in-copyright for users that come from non-US IP addresses.
Check © validity before dowloading entire OA databases into your local library catalogue.
Also consider international students or patrons and ensure that OA extends to them as well (e.g. some government documents are only Open Access in the country of origin)

27. Stability Ideally, select only OA ebooks with persistent URLs.
If no PURL can be found, consider hosting the resource on your own system
NOTE: CC does not mean Accessible Forever. A Creative Commons license is irrevocable, but the work itself can be withdrawn by the rights owner.
Run URL checkers regularly. Content-management-services (like Alma / Worldshare / EDS) can be helpful by providing notifications of removals/deletions.

28. Additions / updates
OA ebooks may not be marketed/advertised as much as for-sale books.
Some of the OA sites, including the DOAB, do provide RSS feeds and/or webpage alerts.
Content-Management-Services will send notifications of new books added to OA collections.

29. Finding an OCLC record match!
Older titles, not identified by an ISBN and digitized many times over, have dozens of duplicate records on OCLC.
Time-consuming to
identify and select
the best record to
copy-catalogue.

30. creating an oa ebook policy
An example from the University of Johannesburg:
Why? : save costs, enhance key collections, legitimize & and support OA resources
What? : must be peer-reviewed?, include theses?, what types of licenses will be included/excluded?
Evaluation : does it meet OA criteria : free, permanent, no login required, etc.
does it satisfy a research/teaching need?

31. OA monograph workflow at UJ
Information/
Faculty Librarians
Request open access material to be catalogued
Check whether the interface is easy-to-use
Acquisitions
Check availability at no charge/no subscription
Check if it is a publication not a free trial
Check if it is a duplicate (not allowed)
Does the resource require specialized technology (non-standard browser plug-in, special font support, use of a specialized application, etc)? If so, additional vetting may be required before the resource is approved.
Copyright
Check permission to use the material
Is it produced or supported by a recognizable and reputable organization?
Does the resource satisfy a demonstrable need in ongoing research and teaching at UJ?
Cataloguing
Is the item on OCLC Worldshare?
Distribution to cataloguers
If not on OCLC World share , - original cataloguing

32. For interest:
Source: portal: Libraries and the Academy, Vol. 17, No. 1 (2017), pp
Copyright ©2017 by Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD,