1. The Constitutional Convention
REPRESENTATION was the key issue!!!!

2. New Jersey Plan --each state has equal representation
--have a unicameral legislature
Why do you think NJ proposed this idea?

3. Representation based on population!
Virginia Plan
Representation based on population!

4. The Great Compromise Created a bicameral legislature, 2 parts..
The House of Reps-reps based on population
The Senate-Equal Representation

5. 3/5 Compromise 3/5 of slaves counted towards population
slave interests were not considered
Was necessary to get the southern states to approve the Constitution.

6. Federalists supported a strong central government
Federalist Papers were written to convince people to OK the Constitution
Federalist Papers were a collection of essays published in the NY Press between
Hamilton, Madison, Jay

8. Anti-Federalists --against the Constitution
--wanted a stronger state government
--believed that the President is to closely related to a king
--favored individual rights

10. Bill of Rights The first 10 Amendments to the Constitution
Limited the power of the Federal Government
Gave people specific rights
Written to appease the Anti-Federalists

11. The Constitution vs. The Articles of Confederation
The Constitution corrected a few weaknesses of the Articles
The Federal Gov’t could now collect taxes
The Federal Gov’t could now regulate commerce
There was now a President
There was mow a court system

12. Constitution vs. Articles
The only thing that they had in common was a legislative branch; that is the only thing that the articles had…..get it….the gov’t was weak under the Articles, strong with the Constitution!!!!!!

13. Constitutional Principles
Separation of Powers
Federalism
Flexibility
Necessary and Proper or Elastic Clause
Judicial Review
The Amendment Process
The “Unwritten” Constitution

14. Separation of Powers
This involves the Executive, Legislative & Judicial Branches.
Executive-The President
Legislative-Congress-House & Senate
Judicial-The Supreme Court

15. Separation of Powers Aka-Checks and Balances
Anytime that you see two or three branches of the Federal Gov’t in a question, they are referring to sep of powers
Ex-Senate rejects the nomination of Smith to the Supreme Court

17. Federalism
Division of power between the Federal or National & the state governments
Concurrent Powers-powers that are shared between the federal & state govt’s

19. The Elastic Clause Necessary & Proper
The Louisiana Purchase is a classic example

20. Bonds

21. Flexibility The Elastic Clause The Amendment Process
Judicial Interpretation

22. Judicial Review
Chief Justice John Marshall
Marbury v Madison

23. Judicial Review
The Supreme Court determines if laws are constitutional
This is the role of the court; it is what they do!!!!!!

24. The Unwritten Constitution
These are things that are not written in the Constitution
Ex-Political Parties
The Cabinet-Presidential advisors
Implied Powers

25. The President Commander in chief-refers to something military like
Diplomat-negotiates treaties

26. The Electoral College Criticisms “Winner take all method”
Winner of the popular vote doesn’t always win

28. John Marshall The man of the Supreme Court Chief Justice 1801-1835
His decisions strengthened the Federal Gov’t at the expense of the states

29. The Marshall Court Strengthened the Federal Gov’t
Marbury v Madison-Judicial Review
McCulloch v Maryland-said that the Federal Gov’t was supreme
Gibbons v Ogden-gave the Federal Gov’t the power to regulate interstate trade

31. George Washington
Proclamation of Neutrality-Washington warned that the U.S. should stay out of foreign affairs. This will be our foreign policy from
The Cabinet-Presidential
Advisors
Two Term Limit-A tradition,
later an amendment

32. Alexander Hamilton
Financial Plan-took the 13 state debts and made one national debt
Created the National Bank
Whiskey Tax
Tariff to protect American Industry
Favored a strong Fed Gov’t

33. Strict vs. Loose Construction
Strict Construction-believed in following the Constitution to the letter; if its not in the Constitution than you can’t do it: Jefferson
Loose Construction-believed that the Federal Gov’t should do what ever was necessary and proper-favored a strong Gov’t-Hamilton

34. The First Political Parties
Federalists-Hamilton, strong gov’t
Democratic-Republicans; Jefferson

35. The War of 1812
The 2nd War for Independence
U.S. vs. Britain

36. Monroe Doctrine
Warned Europe to stay out of the western hemisphere, Latin America, the Caribbean; in turn the U.S would stay out of Europe