1. Organizing the New Government

3. George Washington’s Inauguration New York City, April 30, 1789

4. Inauguration
inauguration-The ceremony in which the President officially takes the oath of office.
Today, inaugurations take place at 12 noon on January 20 because of the 20th amendment.

8. Do you know what phrase every POTUS add since George Washington to the end of the Oath of Office?

9. The answer is……
So help me God!

10. “I walk on untrodden ground
“I walk on untrodden ground.There is scarcely any part of my conduct which may not hereafter be drawn into precedent.”

11. An act or decision that sets an example for others to follow
Precedent
An act or decision that sets an example for others to follow

12. One Precedent
Only running for two terms as President

13. Simple Question for you
What do we call the President of the United States?
Let’s answer that by saying
What didn’t the people want in a President?

14. What do we call him? His highness? President Washington?
His highness the President of the United States and protector of the Rights of the Same?
President Washington wanted something simpler…..

16. Washington decides
His title will be simply “President of the United States” and people should call him “Mr. President.”
What this does is it sets up the most important thing that Washington gives to our country as President……

17. Vice President
John Adams Mike Pence

18. Why do you think that the first cabinet was formed?

19. If you were thinking… Because the President can’t run the country alone…

20. Give yourself a pat on the back… Because you were right.

21. Washington Appoints First Cabinet
In 1789 Congress creates four executive departments. The heads of the departments make up the President’s cabinet.
State
Treasury
War
Attorney General

22. Department of State (foreign affairs)
Thomas Jefferson Rex W. Tillerson

23. Department of Treasury
Alexander Hamilton Steven T. Mnuchin

24. Department of War (Department of Defense)
Henry Knox James Mattis

25. Department of Justice Attorney General
Edmund Randolph Jeff Sessions

26. Federal Court System
Judiciary Act of 1789

27. Supreme Court-One Chief Justice and Five Associate Justices
Judiciary Act of 1789
Supreme Court-One Chief Justice and Five Associate Justices
Chief Justice was John Jay
Series of District Courts and Circuit Courts

28. Chief Justice
John Jay John G. Roberts, Jr.

29. Today’s Court Do you know how many justices there are today?
The answer is 1 Chief Justice and 8 Associate Justices for a total of 9

30. Today’s Supreme Court

31. Hamilton and the National Debt

32. LARGE NATIONAL DEBT
Money was owed by the Federal Govt and the states from Rev. War
-- Pay For Supplies
-- Pay soldiers
-- They borrowed money from
foreign govts and ordinary
citizens

33. How to pay debt Issued Government Bonds -- Bond-a certificate that
promises to repay the money
loaned plus interest.
-- National Debt-total sum of
money the government owes

34. Hamilton Developed a Plan
Buy up all bonds issued before 1789
Sell new bonds to pay off the old debts
When economy improved, govt would pay off new bonds

35. Madison leads opposition of plan
He thought plan would reward Speculators
I know, you don’t know what a speculator is….. Why don’t you just ask me…

36. Speculator Someone that is willing to invest in a risky venture in the hope of making a large profit.

37. Why the opposition?
During the Rev. War, soldiers were paid with bonds rather than cash.
Soldiers needed cash to survive

38. Speculators paid 10 to 15 cents per dollar
If govt paid the bonds off at the face value--the speculators would make huge profits.

39. Hamilton wanted to gain trust of investors
Hamilton convinced Congress to accept his plan.
Madison led the fight against the plan.

40. One problem was that the Southern states had already paid their debts.
What do you think they wanted the other states to do?

41. Hamilton’s Compromise
He persuaded his Northern friends to move capital to the South if the Southerners agreed to pay off the state debts

42. District of Columbia is born

43. District of Columbia
Born July 1790
Not part of any state

44. Was built on land along the Potomac River between Maryland and Virginia
In the meantime, U.S. Capital was moved to Philadelphia.

45. Now…..from National Debt to strengthening U.S. economy
Alexander Hamilton set up National Bank.
In 1791, Congress set up Bank of the United States.

46. Bank of the United States
Government deposited collected taxes
Bank issued paper money
Bank issued loans to farmers and businesses

47. Whiskey Tax 1791-Congress taxed all liquor made and sold in the U.S.
Remember the backcountry
We studied about the
backcountry….

48. Whiskey Tax
Backcountry farmers made corn
Corn was turned into whiskey
Whiskey was put in barrels and sent to East coast

49. Backcountry farmers protested whiskey tax and many refused to pay
They compared it with the taxes that the British had forced on the colonists.

50. Whiskey Rebellion John Neville was tax collector
William Miller receives summons for not paying taxes
Miller would have to go to Philadelphia to court.
He owed tax of $250

51. Whiskey Rebellion

52. Whiskey Rebellion
At the same time, he pardoned the farmer which “tempered justice with mercy.”

53. Whiskey Rebellion
President Washington sent troops to regain peace after tax officials were tarred and feathered.
Washington’s quick response proved that new govt would act firmly in times of crisis