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Liem Peng Hong (Nippon Advanced Information Service, NAIS Co., Inc.)
Nuclear Energy Human Resource Development in Post Fukushima Dai-Ichi NPP Accident Liem Peng Hong (Nippon Advanced Information Service, NAIS Co., Inc.) 4th International Conference on Research, Implementation and Education of Mathematics and Science (4th ICRIEMS) Yogyakarta State University, May 2017 Good Morning Bapak Ibu Sekalian. Thank you for your kind introduction. It is an honor for me to deliver this keynote speech for this International Meeting. I would like to say thank you also to Yogyakarta State University and to the Organizing Committee, especially Dr. Rida, for inviting me to this Meeting.
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Content Japan Recent Situation in the Post Fukushima Dai-Ichi NPP Accident Responses from the Academic Side Curricula Reformulation of Nuclear Energy Related Human Resource Development Implementation Examples: Tokyo Institute of Technology (National University) (Graduate Nuclear Engineering Majoring Students) Sophia University (Private University) (Introductory Course for Non-Nuclear Undergraduate Engineering Students) Concluding Remarks My talk today will discuss first the present situation of JAPAN after the Fukushima Daiichi NPP Accident happened six years ago. Since you may already know the accident itself, I will not spend time to discuss it, rather I will explain issues related to Nuclear Energy HRD. Secondly, I will discuss in detail how the Japanese Universities reformulate their curricula in response for the issues and I will give two examples: The first example is for the curricula for Graduate Nuclear Engineering Majoring Students in Tokyo Institute of Technology. This is a National University where I graduated and belong to. The second example is the Introductory Course for Non-Nuclear Engineering Students in Sophia University. This is an intensive course in a private university. Liem Peng Hong (4-th ICRIEMS, Yogyakarta State University, May 2017)
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Japan Recent Situation in the Post Fukushima Daiichi NPP Accident
Liem Peng Hong (4-th ICRIEMS, Yogyakarta State University, May 2017)
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Japan Public Trust against Nuclear Power Generation (Prior Fukushima Daiichi NPP Accident)
Public Poll Results NEGATIVE OPINION The first issue is the public trust against the nuclear power generation. This graph shows the public poll results for almost 30 years how the negative opinion of Japanese people changes PRIOR to the accident. This public polls were conducted by major newspapers and television stations in Japan. We can see here that the percentage was less that 40 %. (Kitada, 2016) Liem Peng Hong (4-th ICRIEMS, Yogyakarta State University, May 2017)
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Japan Public Trust against Nuclear Power Generation (Post Fukushima Daiichi NPP Accident)
Public Poll Results (Kitada, 2016) Fukushima Daiichi Accident NEGATIVE OPINION How about after the accident ? We can see here from the public poll result for only one year: The negative opinion increased drastically up to 70% even during the electric power shortage (summer, July to August). At this point we can conclude that there is a strong need to regain the public trust against nuclear power generation. Liem Peng Hong (4-th ICRIEMS, Yogyakarta State University, May 2017)
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Japan NPP Situation in Post F1 Accident
Reactor Decommissioning 5 Units old reactors for economic inefficiency, to be approved soon (Mihama-1, -2, Tsuruga-1, Shimane-1, Genkai- 1) 1 Unit old reactor for economic inefficiency, under evaluation (Ikata-1) Accident affected reactors (Fukushima Daiichi, all 6 units) New Energy Policy (2015) New Nuclear Regulatory Authority (NRA) (2013) New Safety Standard and Regulation (More Stringent and Comprehensive) Restart Plan of Current NPPs (fulfilling New Safety Standard and Regulation) PWRs (20 units) first followed by BWRs (22 units) NPP Lifetime Extension PWR (~40y, 3 units), approved (Mihama-3, Takahama-1&-2) The next issue concerns with the Japan Nuclear Power Plant in the Post Accident. The new energy policy suggested that the nuclear energy share should be reduced from 30 % before the accident to 20-22%. After the accident, the old regulatory body was dissolved and a new one was established in 2013. Of course followed by new safety standards and regulation. These are more stringent and comprehensive than the old ones. Electric power companies are now struggling to restart their NPP after fulfilling the new safety standards and regulations. I suppose the PWR will come first and followed by BWRs. The electric power companies also applied NPP life extension for old reactors (the ages are around 40 years) if they consider it is an economical choice. If not then they have to apply for reactor decommissioning. The situation is like this. Three units PWR were approved for lifetime extension (20 years). Unfortunately, many reactors are not economical anymore to fulfill the new safety standards and regulations so they will be decommissioned. The problem with reactor decommissioning stems on the accident affected reactors which are highly damaged and contaminated. I will talk in detail later. Liem Peng Hong (4-th ICRIEMS, Yogyakarta State University, May 2017)
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Nuclear Decommissioning
Process whereby a nuclear facility is dismantled to the point that it no longer requires measures for radiation protection. The presence of radioactive material necessitates processes that are potentially occupationally hazardous, expensive, time-intensive, and present environmental risks that must be addressed to ensure radioactive materials are either transported elsewhere for storage or stored on-site in a safe manner. Japan’s Experience on (Normal) Decommissioning JPDR (BWR) (1976 Completed) Fugen (ATR) (2008 Started) Tokai (GCR) (1998~2018) (93 Billion Yen) Hamaoka-1,2 (BWR) (2009 Started) Challenges on Decommissioning of Accident Affected Fukushima Daiichi Units 4~5 : Learning and Demonstration (relatively cleaner, no hydrogen explosion) Units1~3 : Real Application 40~50 years, 10 Trillion Yen (at least) Some of you may not be familiar with nuclear decommissioning. Liem Peng Hong (4-th ICRIEMS, Yogyakarta State University, May 2017)
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Kyushu Electric Power Company
Normal Reactor Example: Kyushu Electric Power Co. Genkai-1 (PWR) Decommissioning Plan (24 years) Liem Peng Hong (4-th ICRIEMS, Yogyakarta State University, May 2017)
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Kyushu Electric Power Company
Liem Peng Hong (4-th ICRIEMS, Yogyakarta State University, May 2017)
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Lack of Human Resources
Estimate of Necessary Number of Workers in 3 Years in Fukushima Daiichi NPP Site Only Decommissioning of a “normal” reactor lasts for years which demands adequate HRD. Decommissioning of an accident affected reactor, besides HRD, fundamental and basic R&D is essentially needed. Lack of Human Resources Inter-Ministerial Council for Contaminated Water and Decommissioning Issues (2015) Liem Peng Hong (4-th ICRIEMS, Yogyakarta State University, May 2017)
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Contamination Status of Fukushima Prefecture
Cs-137 Fission Product (Half-Life 30 years) Decontamination (Short Term) Interim Storage (Long Term) METI (March 10, 2017) Liem Peng Hong (4-th ICRIEMS, Yogyakarta State University, May 2017)
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Radioactive Decontamination
Basic Principles of Decontamination in Japan Radioactive Decontamination is the deposition of, or presence of radioactive substances on surfaces or within solids, liquids or gases (including the human body), where their presence is unintended or undesirable (IAEA - definition). Liem Peng Hong (4-th ICRIEMS, Yogyakarta State University, May 2017) Moriya (2015)
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Decontamination Works (Residential Area)
Liem Peng Hong (4-th ICRIEMS, Yogyakarta State University, May 2017)
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Decontamination Works (Others)
Liem Peng Hong (4-th ICRIEMS, Yogyakarta State University, May 2017)
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Summary of Problems Urgent Topics/Issues on Nuclear Energy HRD in Post Fukushima NPP Accident Regaining Public Trust on the Nuclear Energy Safety of Nuclear Power Plant Effect of Radiation Decommissioning “Normal” Old Reactors “Accident affected” Reactors Decontamination Fukushima Daiichi NPP Site Accident affected (Contaminated) Areas Migration of Radioactive Materials in the Environment Liem Peng Hong (4-th ICRIEMS, Yogyakarta State University, May 2017)
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Responses from the Academic Sides
Tokyo Institute of Technology (National University) (Graduated Nuclear Engineering Majoring Students) Sophia University (Private University) (Undergraduate Intensive Course for Non-Nuclear Engineering Students) Liem Peng Hong (4-th ICRIEMS, Yogyakarta State University, May 2017)
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Graduate Major in Nuclear Engineering Course
Implemented in Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan Master’s Program (2 years) – All courses are in English Liem Peng Hong (4-th ICRIEMS, Yogyakarta State University, May 2017)
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General Description Red parts: New or Reemphasized topics The curriculum is structured to allow students to acquire advanced specialized knowledge of nuclear engineering, broad vision and education, and a strong sense of ethics and responsibility It also enables students to acquire logical dialogue skills, writing skills, practical problem-solving ability, and creativity through Research Seminars and master's thesis research. Nuclear Reactor Engineering Nuclear Reactor Decommissioning Engineering Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Radiation Biology and Medicine Nuclear Fusion/Accelerator Engineering Ethics in Nuclear Engineering Wide and Advanced Nuclear Engineering Internships Research Seminars Liem Peng Hong (4-th ICRIEMS, Yogyakarta State University, May 2017)
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Nuclear Reactor Decommissioning Engineering
New Topics in response to HRD requirements in the post Fukushima Daiichi Accident Nuclear Reactor Decommissioning Engineering Radiation Biology and Medicine Students learn basic engineering necessary for safely decommissioning the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station and the increasing number of nuclear reactors that have reached the end of their lifespan. Accurate knowledge related to the impact of radiation on the human body and other living things is essential for the safe utilization of nuclear energy, the impact of radiation on living things and its medical applications. Wide and Advanced Nuclear Engineering Ethics in Nuclear Engineering In order to effectively promote the use of nuclear power and radiation, it is also necessary to understand the relationship between resources/nature and energy, and the relationship between safety/security and society.. Successful researchers and leaders in nuclear power must have strong ethics and a sense of social responsibility, and have knowledge of various safety regulations. Liem Peng Hong (4-th ICRIEMS, Yogyakarta State University, May 2017)
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Ethics for Nuclear System Development
Lecture NCL.F401, Spring 2017, 8 Classes Ethics for Nuclear System Development Description and Aims Outcomes This course focuses on why we learn and acquire ethics necessary for research, development, and operations involved with nuclear power. By lecturing on ethical decision making, and what is needed for taking actions based on this decision making, and offering hypothetical and real examples in the research, development, and operations phases. Students will acquire the following knowledge and skills from taking this course. 1) Understand from what values (ideas) nuclear power technology developed and expanded. 2) Understand ethical decision making methods and be able to implement them in real instances. 3) Understand the necessity and importance of having ethical values for oneself, and express in one's own words how to fulfill one's responsibility. Liem Peng Hong (4-th ICRIEMS, Yogyakarta State University, May 2017)
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Nuclear and ethics history 1
Class Lecture Content 1 Target of this class (Ethics in research development and safety culture) 2 Ethical decision for nuclear development: Society Code of Ethics, Seven-steps-guide 3 Nuclear and ethics history 1 Researches for nuclear bomb development and peaceful use of nuclear energy 4 Nuclear and ethics history 2 Accidents of TMI (USA), Chernobyl (Soviet Union), JCO (Japan) 5 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Accident and Resilience Engineering 1 Whether accidents could be prevented? 6 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Accident and Resilience Engineering 2 Learning from the accident 7 Risk and out-reach activity in nuclear technology 8 Ethics for future nuclear development and decommissioning Liem Peng Hong (4-th ICRIEMS, Yogyakarta State University, May 2017)
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Example of Ethical Problems in Nuclear Energy Utilization
Nuclear Power Production Ethical Problems Depleting a non-renewable resource (uranium) – not be available for future generations (the problem of justice to posterity or intergenerational justice) ? Different production methods or nuclear fuel cycles (sustainability) ? Geographical justice in NPP or geological waste disposal sites ? Nuclear Waste Management Ethical Problems Geological radioactive waste disposal – Exposing future generations to harm for hundreds of thousand years ? Dispose the Radioactive Waste in the Moon or Outer Space ? Liem Peng Hong (4-th ICRIEMS, Yogyakarta State University, May 2017)
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Acts and Regulations on Atomic Energy
Lecture NCL.F402, Spring 2017, 8 Classes Acts and Regulations on Atomic Energy Outline and Purpose Outcomes This course cover the Atomic Energy Basic Act, Act on the Regulation of Nuclear Source Material, Nuclear Fuel Material and Reactors, and its ordinances, regulations, and notices, the Act on Technical Standards for Prevention of Radiation Hazards and its ordinances, regulations, and other relevant laws. Learn basic knowledge on nuclear power regulations needed at the minimum for a student in Graduate Major in Nuclear Engineering, and acquire skills for adapting to regulations related to radiation, nuclear fuel, and nuclear reactors. By the end of this course, students will be able to: Understand the systems of laws and regulations to regulate applications of nuclear energy and radiation Understand the recent conditions how the government equipped with the laws, act and regulations relevant to nuclear energy applications including radiation are, Understand the contemporary problems of laws and regulations of nuclear engineering, and Be equipped with knowledge to be able to work as a future licensed engineer of nuclear reactors, that of nuclear fuel, or a radiation protection supervisor. Liem Peng Hong (4-th ICRIEMS, Yogyakarta State University, May 2017)
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Laws and regulations about nuclear security and safeguards 3
Class Lecture Content 1 Overview 2 Laws and regulations about nuclear security and safeguards 3 Atomic Energy Basic Act and Nuclear Reactor Regulation Law 4 Confirmation and exercises of understandings of knowledge to be a Licensed Engineer of Nuclear Reactors 5 Laws and regulations to regulate spent nuclear fuels, radioactive wastes and nuclear fuel cycle 6 Laws and regulations to control the nuclear fuel cycle systems, Confirmation and exercises of understandings of knowledge to be a Licensed Engineer of Nuclear Fuel 7 Laws and regulations for the prevention of radiation hazards (Permission and notification; Requirement for facility; Rules on use and keeping), Exercises 8 Laws and regulations for the prevention of radiation hazards (Rules on transport and disposal; Measurement and record; Training and medical check; Radiation Protection Supervisor), Exercises Liem Peng Hong (4-th ICRIEMS, Yogyakarta State University, May 2017)
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Nuclear Energy Engineering Course
Implemented in Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan Undergraduate’s Program in Faculty of Engineering – All courses are in English Liem Peng Hong (4-th ICRIEMS, Yogyakarta State University, May 2017)
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Nuclear Energy Engineering Course (Description-Syllabus)
First, the significance of the nuclear energy in the diversification of the energy sources is addressed. Second, the lectures on various nuclear reactors, nuclear reaction and principle of nuclear reactors are given. Next, students will learn about light water reactors widely used for nuclear power generations. Then important topics such as public understanding activities, nuclear security, and the practical application of radiation are discussed. Lectures on materials used in nuclear engineering and then current status of nuclear fusion reactors are also given. Then, knowledge about the movement of radiological substances in the environment and the latest high-level radioactive waste disposal methods are presented. Red parts: New or Reemphasized topics Liem Peng Hong (4-th ICRIEMS, Yogyakarta State University, May 2017)
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Nuclear Energy Engineering Course (Objectives, Expected Work, Evaluation)
Students will learn about the significance of nuclear energy and which forms of radiation are safe and unsafe Expected Work Beyond Classroom Students should prepare for and review lectures with the atomic energy-related books listed in addition to handouts which are distributed during the course Evaluation Weight (%) Attendance 15 Class Participation Report Assignment, Mid-Term/Final Paper 20 Final Examination 50 Total 100 Liem Peng Hong (4-th ICRIEMS, Yogyakarta State University, May 2017)
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Nuclear Energy Engineering Course (Lectures-In English)
Red parts: New or Reemphasized topics No Lecture Unit 1 Orientation; Energy Resources and Their Utilization 8 Current Status of Nuclear Fusion Reactor; ITER and the Next Generation Reactors 2 Different Types of Nuclear Reactors 9 Movement of Radiological Substances in Environment 3 Light Water Reactors for Power Generation 10 High-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal 4 Public Understanding Activities of Nuclear Energy 11 Biological Process of Radiation 5 Nuclear Security 12 Influence of Radiation on Human Body 6 Practical Application of Radiation 13 Student Presentation and Discussion 7 Materials in Nuclear Engineering 14 Final Examination - Kuliah Umum 2 & 3 Liem Peng Hong (4-th ICRIEMS, Yogyakarta State University, May 2017) 1 Unit = 90 minutes
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Concluding Remarks Urgent issues/topics in post Fukushima Daiichi NPP accident related to Nuclear Energy HRD are identified: public trust, reactor safety, radiation, decommissioning, nuclear decontamination etc. Two examples of NE-HRD response (Curricula Development) are discussed Nuclear Engineering Course for Graduate Students Majoring Nuclear Energy in Tokyo Institute of Technology Nuclear Energy Engineering (Intensive) Course for Undergraduate Students of Non-Majoring Nuclear Energy in Sophia University Lessons learned in NE-HRD in Japan may be useful for long-term NE- HRD in Indonesia where NPP introduction is still a possibility in the future Liem Peng Hong (4-th ICRIEMS, Yogyakarta State University, May 2017)
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