1. INTRODUCTION OF COMPUTERS
CHAPTER1:
INTRODUCTION OF COMPUTERS

2. OBJECTIVES
Explaining basic functions of a computer (input, output, process and storage).
Getting familiar with different types of computers:
Personal computers
Mobile computers
Mainframe computers
Super computers
Explaining the different parts of a personal computer.
Giving an idea about hardware.
Explaining about software and the difference between hardware and software.
Explaining the difference between System software (OS) and Application software.
Explaining the basic hardware setup of a computer system.
Brief description of evolution of computer systems.
Introduction to social media and topics related to that.
Explaining reasons for the computer being powerful.

3. WHAT IS A COMPUTER?
A computer is an electronic device that takes in data known as input and then processes the data into information: output.
Text, graphics, audio and video are types of data inputs

4. 4 BASIC COMPUTER FUNCTIONS
INPUT
PROCESS
Input: The user enters the data as raw facts, the computer then accepts the (data) input
Process: The brain of the computer interprets all data and processes into information (meaningful)
Output: The computer produces the information via output
Storage: All results are now stored
STORAGE
OUTPUT

5. 4 TYPES OF COMPUTERS Personal Computers Mobile Computers
Mainframe Computers
Super Computers

6. PERSONAL COMPUTERS Most common type of personal computer: PC/Desktop.
Comprises of keyboard, mouse, monitor and system unit (chassis).

7. SYSTEM UNIT
The system unit generally encloses the main parts of a computer and differentiates from the computer’s peripheral devices
It contains all the electrical components.
These include the motherboard, wires, disk drives, ports, switch mode power supply and add-on cards.
Desktop versions are available in two models: horizontal and tower.

8. MOBILE COMPUTERS (SMARTPHONES)
This is a tiny computer that fits in your hand and most (ALL-IN-ONE) commonly comes with a touch screen.
Out of the 7 billion people in the world approximately 6 billion have access to a mobile computers.

9. MOBILE COMPUTERS CONTINUED
There are wide variety of mobile computers based on functionality, size and weight.
All laptops were created to have similar features but most importantly they should be portable and compact.
Mobile phones are primarily used for vocal communication software but are not limited to these. Within 3 minutes of delivery, 90% of text messages are read.

10. MAINFRAME COMPUTERS
This computer allows hundreds of users to perform their daily tasks simultaneously. It is commonly found in a server room.
Most Mainframes resemble a tall filing cabinet. These machines are used in many different areas such as schools and businesses.

11. SUPER COMPUTERS
This is the fastest of all computers on the Earth and can perform trillions of functions per second.
A super computer named Watson was used during a game of jeopardy and destroyed his competition with a overwhelming win.

12. BASIC STRUCTURE OF COMPUTERS
Hardware
Software
Physical parts of the computer system; the parts which you can literally touch.
Software: Programs that tell your computer what to do. You cannot touch them.
A programmer writes the instructions for a software.
OS: consists of several computer programs that facilitate all the computer activities
Instead of typing commands most tasks are done with the mouse.
Application software are designed for a specific Operating Systems (Ex: Windows).

13. BASIC SETUP OF A PC
Mouse: Mouse is used to input and issue commands by clicking.
Keyboard: Keyboard is used to input data by typing a keyboard, and is very important as it makes using the computer a lot easier.
Monitor: Monitor is needed to display the output of the process data, which is now information.
Motherboard: Motherboard is the main system board.
Hard disk: Hard disk, also called the hard drive, is where you store data on a computer.
Modem: Modem is used to connect to the Internet to surf the Web.
Speakers: Speakers output sound.
Power source: Supplies the power electricity.

14. EVOLUTION OF COMPUTERS
The term generation in computer world means a change in the technology (hardware & software) of the already existing system.
Five main generations of computers:
First: (Vacuum tube based).
Second: (Transistor based).
Third: (Integrated Circuit based).
Fourth: (VLSI microprocessor based).
Fifth: 1980 onwards (ULSI microprocessor based).
1ST
2ND
3RD
4TH
5TH

15. FIRST GENERATION
Known as the vacuum tube based computers, these computers were first invented by John Ambrose Fleming in 1904
This “vaccuum tube” was actually a glass tube with electrodes
The tube was filled with gas and then removed
This would contribute to controlling the electron flow of the computer

16. SECOND GENERATION
In this generation transistors were used that cost less, consumed less energy, more compact, more reliable, and faster than the first generation.
Magnetic cores were the primary source of memory.
FORTRON and COBOL were the programming languages used.
These computers used batch processing and multiprogramming operating systems.

17. THIRD GENERATION
Thanks to Moore’s Law, complex circuits have led to smaller system units that are more advanced and efficient computers.
The invention of integrated circuits (IC) made it possible for computers to be made with more hardware and less space
Computer components such as the capacitor, resistor,and transistor were miniaturized during this time period

18. FOURTH GENERATION
The computers of fourth generation used Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits.
VLSI circuits have about 5,000 transistors and other circuit elements and their associated circuits on a single chip. This made it possible to have the microcomputers of the fourth generation.
These computers were more powerful, compact reliable, and affordable than its predecessors. This generation gave rise to time sharing, real time, networks, and distributed operating system.

19. FIFTH GENERATION
This generation is defined by the Ultra Large Scale Integration microprocessor
This processor consists of millions of transistors fitted onto a silicon microchip.
This generation is based on parallel processing hardware and AI (Artificial Intelligence) software. AI is emerging in computer science, it is the interpretation of computers thinking like humans.

20. SOCIAL MEDIA
Social media is a new exciting trend, which allows people to communicate and share information among friends, family, and colleagues using an online networking site such as twitter, Facebook, or Instagram.
Social media websites are being used by millions on a daily basis.

21. WHY IS A COMPUTER SO POWERFUL?
High Speed
Can Store lots of data/information
Easy to use—user-friendly
Portability—can work anywhere
Economical—saves time and more
Accurate
Convenient