1. Chapter 4, Section 3
The Southern Colonies

6. 4-3 Vocabulary Indigo debtor racism buffer
Plant used to make blue dye.
debtor
Person who owed money
racism
Belief that one race is superior to another
buffer
Land located between two larger lands that reduces the possibilities of conflict between them

7. 4-3 Vocabulary plantation Slave codes
Large town with many workers on which rice and tobacco were grown
Slave codes
Laws that set out rules for slaves’ behavior and denied them basic rights

8. English mathematicians Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon created the Mason-Dixon Line which separates Pennsylvania from Maryland and the Northern Colonies from the Southern.

10. What man-made boundary Separates the Middle Colonies
from the Southern Colonies?

11. Sir George Calvert persuades King Charles I to grant him an American colony.
He wanted a colony where Catholics could worship freely.
He named the colony Maryland after Queen Henrietta Maria.

12. Maryland is a “land of plenty”
Chesapeake Bay offers fish, oysters, and crabs
The fertile land is great for growing crops like tobacco
Settlers avoided swampy land like the land Jamestown was built upon.

13. Calvert dies and his son Lord Baltimore takes over.
Baltimore allows for the settlers to have a roll in government
Appoints a governor
Allows for an elected assembly
Gives generous land grants to settlers who bring servants, women, and children.

15. Religious toleration
Baltimore allowed Protestants and Catholics to the colony.
Acts of Toleration – provided religious freedom for Catholics (only)

17. How did lord
Baltimore allow
Settlers in Maryland
To participate
In government?

18. What law guaranteed religious freedom for all catholics in maryland?

19. Bacon’s Rebellion
Wealthy planters got the good land near the coast (in Maryland)
Less affluent farmers had to move onto Indian-owned land.
Bloody conflicts begin.
The settlers ask Lord Baltimore to do something about the natives.
He refuses because he doesn’t want his good fur-trading relationship with the Indians to end.

20. Settlers still move onto Indian lands.
Nathaniel Bacon organizes a group that raids Indian villages.
They burn Jamestown.
Bacon suddenly dies of an illness (?)
Baltimore has 23 of Bacon’s men hanged
Settlers still move onto Indian lands.

21. What was Nathanial bacon’s role in
In the destruction
Of jamestown?

22. The Carolina’s
Northern part – settled by poor tobacco farmers from Virginia.
Southern part – a group of eight proprietors get a charter from King Charles II to start a colony.
Founded Charles Town – later Charleston.
Most settlers were from Barbados – a British colony in the Caribbean

25. Crops
Rice – successful and exported worldwide
Indigo – important in making blue dye

26. What color dye can be made using the indigo plant?

27. Southern planters discover it takes a lot of people to farm rice.
Try to enslave natives but many die of disease and mistreatment.
African slaves are used.
The colony is split into North and South Carolina in 1712.

29. Georgia
James Oglethorpe starts the colony as a place for debtors to start over.
1733 Oglethorpe and 120 colonists settle Savannah
Limited farms to 500 acres
At first, slavery is not allowed but when the colony grows slowly that decision is reversed. Before long plantations succeed and the colony grows quickly.

30. Rivalry with Spain
Spain and England both claimed land between South Carolina and Spanish Florida.
The British thought Georgia would be a good buffer between the two.
Spain tried to force the English out but Oglethorpe held his ground.
Mary Musgrove – half Creek and half English she facilitated the good relationship between Oglethorpe and his settlers.

32. Who founded
Georgia and why?

33. Two Ways of Life

34. Tidewater plantations
Plantations with slave labor
20 – 100 slaves did most of the work
Fieldwork, skilled trades, servants
Tidewater –plantations built along rivers and creeks that were tidal (washed by the ocean tides)
Allowed for most plantations to have their own dock
Therefore few port cities developed in the south

36. The plantations
Life centered around the Great House – where the planter’s family lived.
Planters decided which fields to plant, what crops to grow, and when to harvest.
Planter’s wives ran the home and kept it running smoothly (a difficult task).

37. The Backcountry South
More democratic because the hardships of backcountry life brought settlers close together.
More likely to treat each other as equals.
Men grew smaller fields of tobacco, corn, or hunted game
Women cooked and fashioned simple clothing

38. What region can thank salt water tides for its rich, fertile soil?

39. Who did most of the work on plantations in the late 1600s and early 1700s?

40. Growth of Slavery Slaves became a vital part of plantation life.
Slaves taught the English how to grow rice for instance
At first, slaves had some limited freedoms
As the importance of slavery increased, more and more of the slaves basic rights were taken away.
Slave codes – made slaves “property” not human

42. Justice Most English did not question the justice of owning slaves.
Many felt that white Europeans were superior to black Africans.
This kind of belief is racism
Quakers saw the evils of slavery and were the first to call for an end to it.

43. The end